Question 1: Explain in your own words how the motion of particles in a gas contributes to pressure exerted on the container walls.

Answer: Particles in a gas move randomly and collide with the walls of their container. The frequency and force of these collisions determine the pressure.

Question 2: What happens to the pressure of a gas if the particles move faster and collide more frequently?

Answer: The pressure increases because faster-moving particles collide more forcefully and more often with the container walls.

Question 3: Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors will NOT increase the pressure of a gas?

Answer: Cooling the gas to lower its temperature

Question 1: Calculate the average kinetic energy (in joules) of a nitrogen molecule (molecular mass = 4.65 x 10^-26 kg) moving at a speed of 500 m/s. Use the formula KE = (1/2) m v^2.

Answer: 0.584 J

Question 2: If the temperature of a gas doubles, by what factor does the average particle speed change? (Assume ideal conditions and use the relation KE ∝ T).

Answer: The average particle speed increases by a factor of the square root of 2 (approximately 1.41).

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate how increasing the temperature of a gas increases its pressure. Include the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: One experiment involves heating a sealed syringe filled with gas and observing the increase in volume or pressure. Variables: temperature (independent), pressure and volume (dependent). Precautions include avoiding overheating to prevent explosion and handling hot equipment carefully.

Question 2: Identify the independent and dependent variables in a scenario where a student measures how changing the volume of a gas affects its pressure at constant temperature.

Answer: Independent variable: volume; Dependent variable: pressure.

Question 1: A sample of gas has a pressure of 100 kPa at 300 K. When the temperature is increased to 450 K, the pressure rises to 150 kPa. Explain this change in terms of particle motion and kinetic energy.

Answer: As temperature increases, particles gain more kinetic energy and move faster, leading to more frequent and forceful collisions with container walls, thus increasing pressure.

Question 2: Based on the data, what can you infer about the relationship between temperature and pressure at constant volume?

Answer: They are directly proportional: as temperature increases, pressure also increases at constant volume.

Question 1: Explain how understanding particle motion and gas pressure is important in industries such as aviation or meteorology.

Answer: In aviation, understanding gas pressure helps in designing pressurized cabins to ensure passenger safety. In meteorology, it helps interpret weather patterns based on atmospheric pressure changes caused by particle motion in air.

Question 2: Describe an everyday situation where pressure changes due to particle motion are noticeable, and explain why.

Answer: A common example is a balloon popping when heated. Heating increases particle speed and pressure inside the balloon, eventually causing the balloon to burst due to excess pressure.