Question 1: Define gas pressure in terms of particle motion.

Answer: Gas pressure is the force exerted per unit area by particles colliding with the walls of a container, caused by their continuous motion.

Question 2: Explain how increasing the temperature of a gas affects the motion of its particles.

Answer: Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles, causing them to move faster and collide more forcefully, which raises the gas pressure.

Question 1: What is the primary cause of pressure in a gas?

Answer: The collisions of moving particles with the walls of the container.

Question 2: Describe how particle speed influences gas pressure.

Answer: Higher particle speeds result in more forceful collisions, increasing the pressure exerted by the gas.

Question 1: A container of gas has a surface area of 0.5 m². Particles collide with the walls with an average force of 2 N during each collision, and each particle hits the wall 10,000 times per second. Calculate the pressure exerted by the gas in Pascals.

Answer: Pressure = (Force per collision × number of collisions per second) / Area = (2 N × 10,000) / 0.5 m² = 40,000 Pa

Question 2: If the temperature of a gas is increased from 300 K to 600 K at constant volume, by what factor does the average particle speed increase? (Hint: Use the relation v ∝ √T).

Answer: √(600/300) = √2 ≈ 1.41 times

Question 1: Describe a simple experimental setup to demonstrate how increasing the temperature of a gas affects its pressure.

Answer: Use a sealed flexible container, such as a balloon, connected to a heat source. Gradually increase the temperature and observe the balloon expanding, indicating increased gas pressure due to faster particle motion. Ensure safety by avoiding direct contact with hot surfaces and using appropriate insulation.

Question 2: Identify the independent and dependent variables in the experiment described above.

Answer: Independent variable: Temperature of the gas. Dependent variable: Gas pressure (indicated by balloon expansion).

Question 3: List two safety precautions to consider when conducting experiments involving heating gases.

Answer: Use heat-resistant gloves and safety goggles; avoid over-pressurizing containers to prevent rupture.

Question 1: A sample of gas is compressed to half its original volume at constant temperature. What happens to the pressure, and why?

Answer: The pressure doubles because, according to Boyle's Law, pressure is inversely proportional to volume when temperature is constant.

Question 2: Explain how the kinetic theory of gases accounts for the pressure exerted by particles.

Answer: The kinetic theory states that gas particles are in constant, random motion. When particles collide with the container walls, they exert force. The frequency and force of these collisions determine the gas pressure. Faster-moving particles collide more forcefully, increasing pressure.

Question 3: In what ways is understanding particle motion important for technological applications such as aeronautics or environmental science?

Answer: Understanding particle motion helps in designing efficient engines, predicting weather patterns, and controlling pollution. It allows scientists and engineers to model how gases behave under different conditions, improving safety, efficiency, and environmental impact.