Question 1: Explain in your own words how the motion of gas particles contributes to the pressure exerted inside a sealed container.

Answer: Gas particles move randomly at high speeds, colliding with container walls. The frequency and force of these collisions create pressure inside the container.

Question 2: Which of the following consumer products relies on gas pressure to function properly? A) Vacuum cleaner B) Aerosol spray can C) Electric fan D) Microwave oven

Answer: B) Aerosol spray can

Question 3: Fill in the blank: When the temperature of a gas increases at constant volume, the pressure exerted by the gas __________.

Answer: increases

Question 1: A sealed aerosol can contains compressed gas at a pressure of 3.0 atm at 25°C. If the gas inside the can is heated to 50°C, assuming constant volume and amount of gas, what will be the new pressure? Use the ideal gas law approximation: P1/T1 = P2/T2, where temperatures are in Kelvin.

Answer: P2 = 3.0 atm * (323 K / 298 K) ≈ 3.25 atm

Question 2: Describe how increasing the temperature of a gas inside a sealed container affects the motion of its particles and the resulting pressure.

Answer: Increasing temperature causes particles to move faster, resulting in more frequent and forceful collisions with the container walls, which increases the pressure.

Question 1: A bicycle pump compresses air into a tire, increasing the gas pressure. List three variables that the user can control to increase the pressure efficiently, and mention a safety precaution to consider during inflation.

Answer: Variables: number of pump strokes (volume), speed of pumping, and initial pressure. Safety precaution: Do not overinflate to prevent the tire from bursting.

Question 2: In a scenario where a car's tire pressure drops significantly during winter, explain the particle motion reason behind this change.

Answer: Lower temperatures decrease particle speed, resulting in fewer and less Forceful collisions with the tire walls, thus reducing pressure.

Question 3: Identify two industries where controlling gas pressure through particle motion is critical for product safety or performance.

Answer: Aerosol manufacturing and automobile tire production.

Question 1: Explain how the particle model helps us understand why a sealed plastic bottle might burst if it is heated in a microwave. Include the concepts of particle motion, pressure, and safety.

Answer: Heating increases the temperature of the gas particles inside the bottle, causing them to move faster and collide more forcefully with the walls. This increases the pressure inside the sealed container. If the pressure exceeds the bottle’s structural limits, it can burst. This demonstrates the importance of venting or avoiding heating sealed containers to ensure safety.

Question 2: A new type of sports ball uses a pressurized gas to maintain its shape. Describe the scientific principles involved in maintaining pressure inside the ball during use and how particle motion contributes to this process.

Answer: The gas particles inside the ball move randomly at high speeds, exerting pressure on the inner surface of the ball. Maintaining a constant pressure involves controlling the amount of gas and temperature to ensure particles continue to move at speeds that exert sufficient force, keeping the ball inflated and shape-stable during use.