Question 1: Define Boyle's Law in your own words.

Answer: Boyle's Law states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

Question 2: Explain why increasing the pressure inside a car tyre reduces its volume.

Answer: Increasing pressure compresses the gas particles, decreasing the volume according to Boyle's Law, assuming temperature remains constant.

Question 3: What is the typical unit of pressure used in gas laws, and what is its SI unit?

Answer: The typical unit of pressure is the atmosphere (atm) or pascal (Pa), with the SI unit being the pascal (Pa).

Question 1: A car tyre has a volume of 0.015 m³ at a pressure of 200 kPa. If the pressure increases to 300 kPa, what is the new volume of the tyre? (Assume constant temperature.)

Answer: 0.01 m³

Question 2: A piston contains 0.5 m³ of gas at a pressure of 100 kPa. If the pressure doubles, what is the new volume of the gas?

Answer: 0.25 m³

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate Boyle's Law using a syringe, a pressure sensor, and a gas sample.

Answer: Insert the syringe filled with air into the pressure sensor. Vary the syringe's volume by pushing or pulling the plunger while observing the pressure readings. As volume decreases, pressure increases, demonstrating the inverse relationship described by Boyle's Law. Ensure the temperature remains constant and record the pressure at different volumes.

Question 2: Identify and explain the main variables involved when compressing a car tyre and the safety precautions that should be taken during this process.

Answer: Main variables include pressure, volume, and temperature of the air inside the tyre. When compressing the tyre, pressure increases as volume decreases. Safety precautions include wearing eye protection, ensuring the valve and equipment are secure, and avoiding over-inflation to prevent tyre failure or explosion.

Question 1: An automotive engineer observes that when a piston in an engine compresses the air-fuel mixture from 0.002 m³ to 0.0005 m³ at a constant temperature, the pressure increases from 100 kPa to a certain value. Calculate the final pressure inside the cylinder.

Answer: 400 kPa

Question 2: Explain how understanding Boyle's Law helps in designing safer and more efficient automotive engines and tyres.

Answer: Understanding Boyle's Law allows engineers to predict how pressure and volume change during engine compression and tyre inflation. This knowledge helps optimise engine performance, prevent over-inflation or under-inflation, and ensure safety by designing components that withstand pressure variations while maintaining efficiency.