Question 1: What is velocity and how does it differ from speed?

Answer: Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction, whereas speed is a scalar quantity that only measures how fast an object is moving without considering direction.

Question 2: Explain what a velocity-time graph represents and what information can be obtained from its slope and area under the curve.

Answer: A velocity-time graph shows how an object's velocity changes over time. The slope indicates acceleration (positive slope for acceleration, negative for deceleration), and the area under the curve represents displacement.

Question 1: A car accelerates from 0 m/s to 20 m/s in 10 seconds. Calculate its acceleration in m/s².

Answer: Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time = (20 m/s - 0 m/s) / 10 s = 2 m/s²

Question 2: A cyclist maintains a constant velocity of 15 m/s for 5 minutes. What is the total displacement during this period?

Answer: Displacement = Velocity × Time = 15 m/s × 300 s = 4500 meters

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to measure the velocity of a rolling object using a stopwatch and a meter ruler. Include safety precautions.

Answer: Set up a meter ruler on a flat surface. Place the rolling object at the start point. Use the stopwatch to record the time taken to pass a fixed point at a known distance. Repeat for accuracy. Safety precautions include ensuring the area is clear of obstacles and participants are cautious to avoid tripping hazards.

Question 2: Identify three variables that can affect the accuracy of velocity measurements in a real experiment and suggest possible ways to minimize errors.

Answer: Variables include timing errors, measurement inaccuracies of distance, and inconsistent starting/stopping procedures. To minimize errors, use precise timing devices, ensure accurate marking of distances, and standardize start/stop procedures.

Question 1: A vehicle's velocity increases uniformly from 0 m/s to 30 m/s over 15 seconds. Describe the shape of the velocity-time graph and explain what the slope indicates.

Answer: The graph is a straight line with a positive slope, indicating constant acceleration. The slope represents the rate of change of velocity, which is the acceleration.

Question 1: How is the concept of velocity-time analysis used in the development of crash safety features in automobiles?

Answer: Velocity-time analysis helps engineers understand how quickly a vehicle decelerates during a crash, allowing them to design safety features such as airbags and crumple zones that absorb impact energy and reduce injury.

Question 2: Explain how velocity-time graphs are useful in designing roller coaster rides to ensure safety and thrill.

Answer: Velocity-time graphs help engineers analyze acceleration and deceleration phases, ensuring that forces remain within safe limits while providing thrills. They assist in optimizing the ride's dynamics for safety and excitement.