Question 1: Define Newton's Third Law of Motion and explain what is meant by action and reaction forces.

Answer: Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Action and reaction forces are pair forces that objects exert on each other simultaneously, such that their effects are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

Question 2: Describe how action and reaction forces act on two objects during a collision.

Answer: During a collision, each object exerts a force on the other. These forces are action and reaction pairs, acting simultaneously and are equal in size but opposite in direction.

Question 1: A 10 kg book rests on a table. What is the force exerted by the book on the table? Show your calculation using the formula Force = mass × acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.8 m/s²).

Answer: Force = 10 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 98 N. The book exerts a force of 98 Newtons downward on the table.

Question 2: A person pushes a box with a force of 50 N eastward. What is the reaction force exerted by the box on the person? Explain your answer.

Answer: The reaction force exerted by the box on the person is 50 N westward, equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the person.

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate action-reaction forces involving a skateboard and a wall. Include the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: One experiment involves a person standing on a skateboard close to a wall. The person pushes against the wall with their hands. The reaction force from the wall pushes the person backward on the skateboard. Variables include the force applied, mass of the person, and distance from the wall. Safety precautions include wearing protective gear, ensuring the area is clear of obstacles, and instructing students on safe pushing techniques.

Question 1: A rocket expels gas downward at high speed, and as a reaction, the rocket moves upward. Explain how action-reaction forces enable the rocket to lift off. Include in your answer how the forces are balanced or unbalanced.

Answer: The rocket expels gas downward with a large force (action). According to Newton's Third Law, the gas exerts an equal and opposite force upward on the rocket (reaction). This upward force is unbalanced with gravity, resulting in the rocket accelerating upward and lifting off.

Question 1: Explain how the action-reaction principle is used in the design of jet engines.

Answer: Jet engines work by expelling exhaust gases backward at high speed (action). The reaction force pushes the engine (and aircraft) forward, allowing the airplane to move. This is an application of Newton's Third Law.