Question 1: Define Newton's Third Law of Motion in your own words.

Answer: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 2: Explain how action-reaction pairs act on different objects in a system.

Answer: Action and reaction forces act on different objects; one object exerts a force on the second, which exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first.

Question 1: A swimmer pushes against the wall with a force of 150 N. What is the force exerted by the wall on the swimmer?

Answer: 150 N

Question 2: A rocket engine exerts a force of 20,000 N downward on the ground during launch. What is the reaction force exerted by the ground on the rocket?

Answer: 20,000 N

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment that demonstrates action-reaction forces involving two objects, and list the key variables you would control.

Answer: One example is pushing against a wall; key variables include the force applied, surface friction, and the mass of the objects involved. The experiment shows that the wall pushes back with an equal force.

Question 2: What safety precautions should be considered when designing experiments involving force interactions?

Answer: Ensure objects are securely fastened, avoid excessive force that could cause injury, wear protective gear if necessary, and conduct experiments in a safe environment.

Question 1: A person pushes a shopping cart with a force of 50 N. The cart exerts an equal and opposite force on the person. Describe the forces involved and their effects.

Answer: The person applies a 50 N force on the cart; in response, the cart exerts an equal 50 N force back on the person, which can cause the person to feel pushed backwards if unbalanced.

Question 2: In a car collision scenario, explain how action-reaction forces contribute to the impact experienced by both vehicles.

Answer: When two vehicles collide, each exerts a force on the other (action and reaction). These forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, causing deformation and impact effects on both vehicles.

Question 1: Explain how the principle of action-reaction is utilised in the functioning of jet engines.

Answer: Jet engines work on Newton's Third Law; they expel exhaust gases backwards (action), which generates an equal and opposite force pushing the engine (and aircraft) forward.

Question 2: Describe how action-reaction forces are important in the design of sports equipment, such as tennis rackets or football boots.

Answer: In sports equipment, the force exerted by the player on the ball (action) results in the ball exerting an equal and opposite force back on the racket or boot (reaction). Proper design ensures optimal force transfer and safety.