Question 1: Explain in your own words what the equation F=ma represents in physics.

Answer: F=ma shows that the force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

Question 2: Identify one way in which the principle of F=ma is important in the design of wind turbines.

Answer: It helps in understanding the force exerted on turbine blades by the wind, affecting their design and efficiency.

Question 1: What is the unit of force in the SI system?

Answer: Newton (N)

Question 2: Describe how increasing the mass of a moving component in a hydroelectric turbine affects its acceleration if the force remains constant.

Answer: Increasing the mass decreases the acceleration because force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma); with a constant force, a larger mass results in a smaller acceleration.

Question 1: A solar panel is pushed with a force of 10 N to accelerate at 2 m/s². What is the mass of the solar panel?

Answer: Mass = Force / Acceleration = 10 N / 2 m/s² = 5 kg

Question 2: A tidal turbine experiences a force of 1500 N during operation. If it has a mass of 300 kg, what is its acceleration?

Answer: Acceleration = Force / Mass = 1500 N / 300 kg = 5 m/s²

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to measure the force acting on a small wind turbine blade in a controlled environment.

Answer: Secure the blade in a setup where it can be exposed to a known wind speed. Attach a force sensor or spring balance to measure the force exerted on the blade as the wind blows. Record the force at different wind speeds to analyse the relationship between wind speed and force.

Question 2: Identify two safety precautions that should be considered when testing renewable energy components involving forces.

Answer: Ensure all moving parts are securely fixed to prevent detachment, and operate testing equipment within safe force and speed limits to avoid accidents.

Question 1: A wind turbine blade with a mass of 250 kg experiences an average force of 1250 N due to wind. Calculate its acceleration.

Answer: Acceleration = Force / Mass = 1250 N / 250 kg = 5 m/s²

Question 2: Explain how understanding the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration can help improve the efficiency of renewable energy systems.

Answer: By analysing how forces act on renewable energy components, engineers can optimise the mass and design to achieve desired accelerations, improve durability, and maximise energy conversion efficiency. For example, reducing unnecessary mass can increase acceleration and responsiveness to environmental forces, leading to more efficient energy generation.