Question 1: Define Newton's Second Law of Motion in your own words.

Answer: Newton's Second Law states that the force acting on an object is directly proportional to its mass and acceleration, expressed as F=ma.

Question 2: Explain the physical meaning of the variables in the equation F=ma.

Answer: F is the force applied to the object (in newtons), m is the mass of the object (in kilograms), and a is the acceleration produced (in metres per second squared).

Question 3: What is the SI unit of force?

Answer: The newton (N).

Question 1: A car with a mass of 1500 kg accelerates from 0 to 20 m/s in 10 seconds. Calculate the average force exerted on the car during this acceleration.

Answer: F = m * a = 1500 kg * (20 m/s - 0) / 10 s = 1500 kg * 2 m/s² = 3000 N.

Question 2: An aluminium rod of mass 2 kg is subjected to a force of 10 N. What is its acceleration?

Answer: a = F / m = 10 N / 2 kg = 5 m/s².

Question 3: A cyclist applies a force of 50 N to accelerate a bicycle of mass 15 kg. What is the acceleration produced?

Answer: a = F / m = 50 N / 15 kg ≈ 3.33 m/s².

Question 1: Describe a simple experimental setup to measure the force exerted by a falling object using a force sensor. Include variables to control and safety precautions.

Answer: Set up a force sensor connected to a data logger and attach it to a mass that is allowed to fall freely. Control variables such as mass and height. Ensure the area below is clear to prevent injury from falling objects. Use appropriate safety gear and handle equipment carefully to avoid damage or injury.

Question 1: A spacecraft of mass 2000 kg experiences a thrust of 4000 N in space. Calculate its acceleration and explain how this demonstrates Newton's Second Law.

Answer: a = F / m = 4000 N / 2000 kg = 2 m/s². This shows that force causes acceleration proportional to the mass of the object.

Question 2: In a scenario where a heavier object and a lighter object are dropped from the same height in a vacuum, explain why they hit the ground at the same time based on F=ma.

Answer: In a vacuum, there is no air resistance, and the gravitational force acts equally on both objects relative to their mass, resulting in the same acceleration and simultaneous impact.

Question 1: Explain how understanding F=ma is crucial in designing safety features in vehicles, such as crumple zones and seat belts.

Answer: Designing safety features requires calculating forces during collisions. F=ma helps engineers predict the forces involved based on mass and acceleration, enabling them to create structures that absorb energy and reduce the force transmitted to occupants, thus improving safety.

Question 2: Which of the following best describes how F=ma applies to rocket propulsion? A) The force exerted by expelled gases causes acceleration of the rocket. B) The mass of the rocket remains constant during propulsion. C) The acceleration of the rocket is independent of the force applied. D) The force decreases as the rocket's speed increases.

Answer: