Question 1: Define Newton's Second Law of Motion and explain what the formula F=ma represents.

Answer: Newton's Second Law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration, represented by the formula F=ma. It describes how the velocity of an object changes when forces are applied.

Question 2: Describe the effect on acceleration if the force applied to an object increases while the mass remains constant.

Answer: If the force increases while the mass remains constant, the acceleration of the object increases proportionally.

Question 1: A car with a mass of 1500 kg accelerates at 3 m/s². Calculate the force exerted on the car.

Answer: Force = 1500 kg × 3 m/s² = 4500 N

Question 2: An object experiences a force of 20 N and accelerates at 4 m/s². What is the mass of the object?

Answer: Mass = 20 N / 4 m/s² = 5 kg

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. Include the variables you would control and measure.

Answer: One experiment involves using a frictionless cart on a track, a set of known masses, and a pulley system. The independent variable is the applied force, the dependent variable is acceleration, and the controlled variables include the mass of the cart and friction. Measuring the acceleration with a motion sensor while applying different forces demonstrates F=ma.

Question 2: List two safety precautions students should observe when conducting experiments involving forces and moving objects.

Answer: Students should ensure the area is clear of obstacles and wear safety goggles to protect their eyes from any sudden movements or debris.

Question 1: A cyclist accelerates from 0 to 10 m/s in 5 seconds while pushing with a force of 50 N. Assuming the mass is constant, estimate the mass of the cyclist and bike combined.

Answer: Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / time = 10 m/s / 5 s = 2 m/s². Using F=ma, mass = 50 N / 2 m/s² = 25 kg.

Question 2: A spacecraft experiences a constant force of 2000 N in space, where the mass is 10000 kg. What is the acceleration? How does this acceleration compare to Earth's gravity?

Answer: Acceleration = 2000 N / 10000 kg = 0.2 m/s². This is approximately 0.02 times Earth's gravity (9.8 m/s²).

Question 1: Explain how understanding F=ma is important in designing safe vehicle brakes.

Answer: Knowing F=ma helps engineers design brakes that can generate sufficient force to stop a vehicle within a safe distance, considering the vehicle's mass and the desired deceleration.

Question 2: Describe a scenario in sports where applying Newton's Second Law improves performance or safety.

Answer: In baseball, players apply force to the ball via the bat. Understanding how force, mass, and acceleration relate enables players to optimize their swing to hit the ball farther and with better control. Coaches and players use this knowledge to improve technique and safety, ensuring the force applied does not cause injury.