Question 1: Define inertia in the context of Newton's First Law of Motion.

Answer: Inertia is the property of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, meaning a body at rest stays at rest and a body in motion stays in motion at constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

Question 2: Explain how inertia affects a passenger in a car that suddenly stops.

Answer: Inertia causes the passenger to tend to continue moving forward when the car suddenly stops. This is because their body resists the change in motion, which is why seat belts are important to prevent injury.

Question 3: Which of the following objects has the greatest inertia? A) A small rubber ball B) A large steel truck C) A cardboard box D) A tennis ball

Answer: B) A large steel truck

Question 4: Fill in the blank: The greater the mass of an object, the ______ its inertia.

Answer: greater

Question 1: Calculate the inertia (mass) of a vehicle that has a resistance to change in motion equivalent to 1500 kg·m/s². (Use the relation: Inertia (mass) = Force / acceleration; assume acceleration is 1 m/s² for simplicity.)

Answer: 1500 kg

Question 2: A train with a mass of 200,000 kg is moving at a velocity of 30 m/s. What is its inertia in kg·m/s? (Recall: inertia in this context can be calculated as mass × velocity.)

Answer: 6,000,000 kg·m/s

Question 1: Describe an experiment you could perform to demonstrate inertia using everyday objects. Include the variables you would control and measure.

Answer: One possible experiment involves placing a coin on top of a card covering a glass. When the card is quickly pulled horizontally, the coin remains at rest due to inertia, falling into the glass. Variables to control include the speed of pulling the card and the mass of the coin; to measure, observe whether the coin falls into the glass and record the success rate.

Question 2: List two safety precautions to consider when designing experiments involving inertia and moving objects.

Answer: Ensure all objects are securely fixed to prevent accidental movement, and wear appropriate safety gear such as safety goggles to protect against potential projectiles.

Question 3: Analyse a scenario where a heavy box is pushed across a smooth floor. What factors influence the inertia-related resistance to motion?

Answer: Factors include the mass of the box, as heavier objects have greater inertia; the friction between the box and the floor, which affects the force needed to overcome inertia; and the force applied to start or keep the box moving.

Question 1: A spacecraft in space has a mass of 10,000 kg. If an engine exerts a force of 500 N to change its velocity, what is the acceleration of the spacecraft? Use Newton's Second Law: F = ma.

Answer: 0.05 m/s²

Question 2: Explain how understanding inertia is important in the design of safety features in vehicles.

Answer: Understanding inertia helps engineers design safety features like seat belts and airbags that counteract the effects of inertia during sudden stops or collisions, thereby reducing injuries by controlling the change in motion of passengers.

Question 3: In everyday life, why is it easier to push an empty shopping cart than a fully loaded one?

Answer: Because the loaded cart has greater mass, and therefore greater inertia, making it more resistant to changes in its motion.