Question 1: Define inertia in your own words.

Answer: Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, whether it is at rest or moving.

Question 2: Which property of an object primarily determines its inertia?

Answer: Mass

Question 1: Calculate the moment of inertia for a solid sphere of mass 10 kg and radius 0.5 meters about its center. Use the formula I = (2/5) m r^2.

Answer: I = (2/5) * 10 kg * (0.5 m)^2 = 1 kg·m^2

Question 2: A uniform rod of length 3 meters and mass 4 kg is rotating about one end. Calculate its moment of inertia using I = (1/3) m L^2.

Answer: I = (1/3) * 4 kg * (3 m)^2 = 4 kg·m^2

Question 1: Describe a simple experiment that demonstrates inertia using everyday objects. Include the variables involved and safety precautions.

Answer: One experiment involves placing a coin on top of a card over a glass, then swiftly pulling the card horizontally. If done correctly, the coin drops into the glass due to inertia resisting the sudden movement. Variables include the type of card, the speed of pulling, and the mass of the coin. Safety precautions include ensuring a clear workspace and avoiding excessive force to prevent breakage.

Question 2: Explain how inertia affects the safety features of a car, such as seat belts and airbags.

Answer: Inertia causes passengers to continue moving forward during sudden stops or collisions. Seat belts and airbags help restrain passengers, reducing injury by counteracting inertia and preventing excessive movement.

Question 1: A train of mass 200,000 kg is moving at 60 km/h. If the train suddenly applies brakes and comes to a stop in 10 seconds, discuss how inertia influences the stopping process and what safety measures are necessary.

Answer: The train's large mass results in high inertia, meaning it resists changes in its state of motion. This inertia causes the train to require a significant force to stop quickly, leading to the need for powerful brakes and safety systems like buffer zones and reinforced tracks to prevent accidents and protect passengers.

Question 2: In industries such as manufacturing, how is understanding inertia crucial when designing machinery that involves rotating parts?

Answer: Understanding inertia helps engineers design machinery to withstand the rotational forces, prevent excessive wear, and ensure safety during acceleration and deceleration, leading to efficient and safe operation of rotating parts.