Question 1: Define nuclear fusion and explain how it differs from nuclear fission.

Answer: Nuclear fusion is the process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy. It differs from nuclear fission, where a heavy nucleus splits into lighter nuclei, also releasing energy.

Question 2: Describe the conditions necessary for nuclear fusion to occur in a laboratory setting.

Answer: High temperatures (millions of degrees Celsius), high pressure, and sufficient confinement time are necessary for nuclear fusion to occur.

Question 1: Calculate the energy released when 1 gram of deuterium (a isotope of hydrogen) undergoes fusion to form helium. Use the approximate energy release of 17.6 MeV per fusion event. (1 MeV = 1.602 x 10^-13 Joules)

Answer: The number of fusion events in 1 gram of deuterium is (mass / mass of deuterium atom). Since 1 deuterium atom has a mass approximately 2 amu = 3.34 x 10^-27 kg, number of atoms = (0.001 kg) / (3.34 x 10^-27 kg) ≈ 2.99 x 10^23. Total energy = number of events x 17.6 MeV x 1.602 x 10^-13 J/MeV ≈ 8.48 x 10^10 Joules.

Question 1: List three safety precautions that must be considered when conducting nuclear fusion experiments.

Answer: Handling high temperatures and plasmas requires shielding from radiation, maintaining proper containment to prevent leaks, and using protective equipment to prevent burns and exposure.

Question 1: A future fusion reactor produces 500 MW of power continuously for 24 hours. How much energy in joules does it produce in that time? Show your calculation.

Answer: Energy = Power x Time = 500 MW x 24 hours = 500 x 10^6 W x 24 x 3600 seconds = 4.32 x 10^13 Joules.

Question 1: Explain how nuclear fusion could provide a sustainable and clean energy source for the future.

Answer: Nuclear fusion produces large amounts of energy from abundant fuel sources like hydrogen isotopes, with minimal radioactive waste and no greenhouse gas emissions, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source.

Question 1: Describe the process of nuclear fusion in the Sun and explain why it is a major source of energy for the star.

Answer: In the Sun, nuclear fusion occurs when hydrogen nuclei combine under extremely high temperatures and pressures to form helium nuclei, releasing vast amounts of energy in the form of light and heat. This process powers the Sun, providing energy that sustains life on Earth and is the primary energy source for the star.