Question 1: Define irradiation in the context of radioactivity.

Answer: Irradiation is the exposure of an object or person to radiation from a nearby radioactive source without direct contact.

Question 2: Explain how contamination differs from irradiation in terms of radioactive sources.

Answer: Contamination occurs when radioactive material physically transfers onto or into an object or person, whereas irradiation involves exposure to radiation without transfer of radioactive material.

Question 3: Describe a practical scenario where contamination might occur during a radioactive experiment.

Answer: Contamination might occur if a radioactive source is not properly contained and particles or dust containing radioactive isotopes settle onto surfaces or hands, potentially spreading contamination if not handled with appropriate safety precautions.

Question 4: In terms of safety, why is contamination generally more hazardous than irradiation?

Answer: Contamination can lead to long-term internal exposure if radioactive particles are ingested or inhaled, making it more difficult to manage and remove compared to external irradiation.

Question 5: Calculate the activity (in becquerels) of a radioactive source that emits 500 particles per second. (Use activity = number of disintegrations per second).

Answer: 500 Bq

Question 6: A radioactive source has an activity of 2000 Bq. How many disintegrations occur in 2 hours?

Answer: 14,400,000 disintegrations

Question 7: Identify two safety precautions that should be taken when handling radioactive sources to prevent contamination.

Answer: Using protective gloves and tongs, working in a designated radioactive area with shielding and proper waste disposal.

Question 8: Which of the following best describes irradiation?

Answer:

Question 9: Fill in the blank: Contamination involves the __________ of radioactive material onto or into an object or person.

Answer: transfer

Question 10: Explain why contamination can pose a long-term health hazard even after the source has been removed.

Answer: Contamination involves radioactive material physically transferring onto or into a person or object, which can lead to internal exposure if ingested or inhaled. This radioactive material can decay slowly and emit radiation inside the body, increasing health risks over time.

Question 11: Describe an industry or medical application where controlling contamination is crucial for safety.

Answer: In nuclear medicine, controlling contamination is essential to prevent the spread of radioactive isotopes during diagnosis or treatment, ensuring safety for both patients and staff.