Question 1: Define the rule for how the current behaves in a series circuit.

Answer: In a series circuit, the current is the same at all points.

Question 2: Explain why the total resistance in a parallel circuit decreases when more branches are added.

Answer: Adding branches provides alternative paths for current, decreasing overall resistance according to the reciprocal rule.

Question 3: What is the rule for how voltage divides in a series circuit?

Answer: In a series circuit, the total voltage divides across components proportionally to their resistances.

Question 4: Describe how resistance behaves in a parallel circuit when multiple resistors are connected.

Answer: In a parallel circuit, the total resistance decreases as more resistors are added, following the reciprocal sum rule.

Question 5: State the mathematical formula for calculating total resistance in a parallel circuit with two resistors R1 and R2.

Answer: 1 / R_total = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2

Question 6: Calculate the total resistance of two resistors, R1 = 10Ω and R2 = 20Ω, connected in parallel.

Answer: R_total = (R1 * R2) / (R1 + R2) = (10 * 20) / (10 + 20) = 200 / 30 ≈ 6.67Ω

Question 7: In a series circuit with a voltage supply of 12V and three resistors of 2Ω, 3Ω, and 5Ω, what is the current flowing through the circuit?

Answer: Total resistance R_total = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10Ω. Using Ohm's law: I = V / R = 12V / 10Ω = 1.2A

Question 8: A student connects three identical resistors (each 4Ω) in parallel across a 12V supply. What is the total current drawn from the power supply?

Answer: Total resistance R_total = R / n = 4Ω / 3 ≈ 1.33Ω. Using Ohm's law: I = V / R ≈ 12V / 1.33Ω ≈ 9A

Question 9: Design a simple practical experiment to verify the rule that in a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among components. Include key variables and safety precautions.

Answer: Set up a circuit with a 9V battery, a series of resistors, and a voltmeter across each resistor. Measure voltage drops as you add resistors. Variables include resistance values and voltage. Ensure connections are secure, avoid short circuits, and handle components carefully to prevent electric shock.