Question 1: Define voltage, current, and resistance in the context of electrical circuits.

Answer: Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points, current is the flow of electric charge, and resistance is the opposition to current flow within a circuit.

Question 2: Explain why in a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the components.

Answer: In a series circuit, the total voltage supplied by the source is shared among the components because the same current flows through all, and the voltage drops add up according to Kirchhoff's Voltage Law.

Question 1: A solar panel array produces a total voltage of 48 volts when connected in series, and each panel has a resistance of 2 ohms. If the current flowing through the array is 3 amperes, verify whether this configuration complies with Ohm's Law (V = IR).

Answer: V = IR; V = 3 A × 2 Ω = 6 V per panel; total voltage = 6 V × number of panels; 48 V = 6 V × 8 panels; configuration is correct with 8 panels in series.

Question 2: In a wind turbine system, the resistance of the generator circuit is 5 ohms. If the current generated is 10 amperes, what is the voltage produced? (Use V = IR).

Answer: V = IR = 10 A × 5 Ω = 50 V.

Question 1: Describe a safety precaution that should be taken when working with high-voltage solar panel systems.

Answer: Always wear insulated gloves and use proper grounding techniques to prevent electric shocks.

Question 2: Identify the variables that affect the resistance in a wind turbine's electrical circuit and explain how each variable influences the resistance.

Answer: Variables include wire material (affects resistivity), wire length (longer wires increase resistance), and wire thickness (thicker wires decrease resistance).

Question 1: A solar inverter converts DC to AC power and maintains a constant current of 8 amperes. If the resistance in the inverter's circuit is 4 ohms, what is the voltage across it? (Use V = IR).

Answer: V = IR = 8 A × 4 Ω = 32 V.

Question 2: In a parallel solar panel setup, the voltage across each panel remains the same at 18 V, but the total current supplied to the load increases as more panels are added. Explain this behavior using V/I/R rules.

Answer: In parallel circuits, the voltage across each component remains constant at 18 V. As more panels are added in parallel, the total current increases because current divides among the branches while voltage stays the same, following Kirchhoff's Current Law. Resistance in each branch remains the same, but the overall current capacity increases, making the system suitable for higher power demands.

Question 1: Explain how understanding the rules for voltage, current, and resistance helps engineers design safer and more efficient solar power systems.

Answer: Engineers use V/I/R rules to optimize the arrangement of solar panels and wiring, ensuring the system operates within safe voltage and current limits, minimizes resistance losses, and maximizes energy output efficiency.

Question 2: Describe a scenario where improper understanding of V/I/R rules could lead to system failure or safety hazards in a wind or solar energy installation.

Answer: If the resistance is underestimated, wires may overheat and cause fires. Incorrect voltage or current calculations can lead to overloading components, damaging equipment, or posing electrocution risks. Proper understanding ensures components are rated correctly, connections are safe, and system performance is reliable.