Question 1: Define Voltage (V), Current (I), and Resistance (R) as they relate to electrical circuits.

Answer: Voltage is the potential difference across a component, Current is the flow of electric charge through a circuit, Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current.

Question 2: Explain why the total voltage in a series circuit is the sum of individual voltages across components.

Answer: Because in a series circuit, the potential difference divides among components, and the total voltage is the sum of these individual voltages.

Question 1: A series circuit has three resistors of 10 Ω, 20 Ω, and 30 Ω connected to a 12 V power supply. Calculate the total current flowing through the circuit.

Answer: Total Resistance R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 = 10 + 20 + 30 = 60 Ω. Using Ohm's Law, I = V / R = 12 V / 60 Ω = 0.2 A.

Question 2: In a parallel circuit with two resistors of 15 Ω and 30 Ω connected across a 9 V supply, find the total current supplied by the source.

Answer: Calculate individual currents: I1 = V / R1 = 9 V / 15 Ω = 0.6 A, I2 = 9 V / 30 Ω = 0.3 A. Total current I_total = I1 + I2 = 0.6 + 0.3 = 0.9 A.

Question 1: Describe a safety precaution that must be taken when working with circuits involving resistors and power supplies.

Answer: Ensure the circuit is turned off before connecting or disconnecting components to prevent electric shock or short circuits.

Question 2: An electrician is designing a circuit with a total resistance of 50 Ω connected to a 120 V power supply. What is the total current drawn by the circuit? Show your calculation.

Answer: Using Ohm's Law, I = V / R = 120 V / 50 Ω = 2.4 A.

Question 3: In a parallel circuit, if one resistor's resistance increases, how does this affect the total current supplied by the source? Explain your reasoning.

Answer: An increase in resistance of one resistor decreases the current through that branch, which can increase the total resistance of the parallel network and reduce the total current supplied by the source.

Question 1: A household circuit has multiple appliances connected in parallel. Explain how the rules for V, I, and R apply in this situation and why parallel wiring is preferred for household circuits.

Answer: In parallel circuits, the voltage across each appliance is the same as the supply voltage. The total current supplied by the source is the sum of currents through each appliance, which varies depending on their resistance. Parallel wiring is preferred because it ensures each appliance receives the full voltage and allows independent operation; if one appliance fails, others continue to work.

Question 2: A new electronic device requires a stable voltage supply and adjustable current. Based on your understanding of V/I/R rules, suggest how a circuit might be designed to meet these requirements.

Answer: The circuit can be designed with a voltage regulator to maintain a constant voltage. A variable resistor (potentiometer) can be used to adjust the resistance, thereby controlling the current according to Ohm's Law. Incorporating series and parallel components can help distribute voltage and current efficiently, ensuring the device operates within specified parameters.