Question 1: Sound waves are longitudinal waves characterised by properties such as frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. In industrial chemistry, these properties are utilised for monitoring processes and quality control. Explain the significance of understanding sound properties in an industrial setting.

Answer: Understanding sound properties allows industries to monitor manufacturing processes, detect faults, and ensure product quality by analysing sound signals emitted during operations.

Question 2: Define 'sound frequency' and describe its typical range in audible sound for humans.

Answer: Sound frequency is the number of vibrations or oscillations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz). Human audible range is approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Question 3: Multiple Choice: Which property of sound is most directly related to the pitch of the sound?

Answer: Frequency

Question 1: Calculate the wavelength of a sound wave in a chemical plant if the sound frequency is 1500 Hz and the speed of sound in air at room temperature is 343 m/s. Use the formula: Wavelength (λ) = Speed of sound (v) / Frequency (f).

Answer: λ = 343 m/s ÷ 1500 Hz = 0.229 m

Question 2: A sound wave emitted during a chemical reaction has a wavelength of 0.5 meters in a solution. If the wave's speed in that medium is 1500 m/s, what is its frequency? Use the formula: f = v / λ.

Answer: f = 1500 m/s ÷ 0.5 m = 3000 Hz

Question 1: Describe a simple experimental method to measure the speed of sound in a gaseous chemical mixture, including the variables you would control and safety precautions.

Answer: Use a tube with adjustable length, generate a sound of known frequency, and find the length at which resonance occurs. Control variables such as temperature and gas composition. Safety precautions include avoiding exposure to high-intensity sound and handling gases with proper ventilation.

Question 1: A chemical plant detects a change in the frequency of sound emitted by a piece of machinery from 1800 Hz to 2000 Hz. Assuming the speed of sound remains constant at 340 m/s, what is the change in wavelength? Show your calculations.

Answer: Initial λ = 340/1800 ≈ 0.189 m; Final λ = 340/2000 = 0.17 m; Change in wavelength = 0.189 m - 0.17 m = 0.019 m

Question 1: Explain how ultrasonic sensors are used in the chemical industry for monitoring the level of liquids in tanks. Include how the properties of sound are fundamental to this process.

Answer: Ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves that travel through the air and reflect off the liquid surface. The sensor detects the time taken for the echo to return, and using the speed of sound, calculates the liquid level. This method relies on the consistent properties of ultrasonic sound waves, such as speed and wavelength, for accurate measurements without direct contact.