Question 1: Ultrasound refers to sound waves with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz, which is above the range of human hearing. These waves are used in medical imaging and industrial applications because they can penetrate various materials and be reflected back to create images or detect objects.

Answer: Ultrasound are sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz, used for imaging and detection because they can penetrate materials and reflect back to form images.

Question 1: Explain how ultrasound waves are generated and detected in medical imaging.

Answer: Ultrasound waves are generated by a transducer that converts electrical signals into high-frequency sound waves. These waves travel through the body and are reflected back by different tissues. The transducer detects the reflected waves and a computer creates an image.

Question 2: What is the main difference between ultrasound waves and audible sound waves?

Answer: Ultrasound waves have frequencies above 20,000 Hz, which are inaudible to humans, whereas audible sound waves are within the range of human hearing.

Question 1: An ultrasound wave in soft tissue has a frequency of 2 MHz (megahertz) and a wavelength of 0.75 mm. Calculate the speed of the ultrasound wave in meters per second (m/s).

Answer: Speed = Wavelength × Frequency = 0.75 × 10^-3 m × 2 × 10^6 Hz = 1500 m/s

Question 2: If an ultrasound wave travels through a material with a speed of 1540 m/s and the wavelength is 0.5 mm, what is its frequency?

Answer: Frequency = Speed / Wavelength = 1540 m/s / 0.5 × 10^-3 m = 3.08 × 10^6 Hz (or 3.08 MHz)

Question 1: Describe a basic experiment to test how the reflection of ultrasound waves can be used to measure the distance to an object.

Answer: Use a transducer to send ultrasound waves toward the object. Measure the time taken for the reflected waves to return. Calculate distance using the formula: distance = (speed of ultrasound × time) / 2.

Question 2: Identify two safety precautions that should be taken when using ultrasound equipment in medical or industrial settings.

Answer: Ensure the ultrasound device operates within safe power levels and avoid prolonged exposure to prevent tissue heating or damage.

Question 1: A medical ultrasound scan shows that the reflected wave takes 0.00001 seconds to return from an internal organ. If the speed of ultrasound in tissue is 1540 m/s, estimate the distance to the organ.

Answer: Distance = (1540 m/s × 0.00001 s) / 2 = 0.0077 m or 7.7 mm

Question 2: Explain how ultrasound technology is used in non-destructive testing in industries such as aerospace or manufacturing.

Answer: Ultrasound is used to detect flaws or cracks inside materials without damaging them. High-frequency waves are sent into the material, and reflected waves are analyzed to identify imperfections, ensuring safety and quality control.

Question 3: Discuss one advantage and one limitation of using ultrasound in medical imaging.

Answer: Advantage: Ultrasound is non-invasive and safe, making it suitable for real-time imaging. Limitation: It has limited ability to penetrate bone or air-filled cavities, reducing image clarity in some areas.