Question 1: Explain in your own words what is meant by 'charge flow' in the context of static electricity.

Answer: Charge flow refers to the movement of electric charge, typically electrons, through a conductor or between objects, resulting in a transfer of electrical energy.

Question 1: Describe how static electricity is generated in everyday life examples, such as rubbing a balloon against hair.

Answer: Static electricity is generated when electrons are transferred between objects through friction, causing one object to become negatively charged and the other positively charged.

Question 2: What is the role of electrons in charge flow? A) They are created during charge transfer. B) They move through conductors carrying charge. C) They remain stationary during static electricity. D) They are only present in insulators.

Answer: B) They move through conductors carrying charge.

Question 1: A charge of 3 coulombs flows through a conductor in 10 seconds. Calculate the current in the conductor. Formula: Current (I) = Charge (Q) / Time (t) Units: I in amperes (A), Q in coulombs (C), t in seconds (s).

Answer: I = Q / t = 3 C / 10 s = 0.3 A

Question 2: A static charge of 0.5 microcoulombs (μC) is transferred during a lightning strike over 2 milliseconds. Calculate the average current during the lightning strike. Note: 1 μC = 1 × 10^-6 C, 1 ms = 1 × 10^-3 s.

Answer: Q = 0.5 × 10^-6 C; t = 2 × 10^-3 s I = Q / t = (0.5 × 10^-6 C) / (2 × 10^-3 s) = 2.5 × 10^-4 A

Question 1: Describe one safety precaution that should be taken when handling static electricity experiments involving high voltages.

Answer: Ensure the equipment is properly grounded and keep a safe distance from high voltage sources to prevent electric shocks.

Question 2: Identify a common material that can be used to demonstrate static charge in the classroom and explain why.

Answer: Rubber balloons or polythene rods because they easily gain static charges through friction and are safe to handle.

Question 1: A person rubs a plastic rod against a wool cloth, transferring a static charge of 2.5 μC. If the charge transfer occurs over 0.05 seconds, what is the average current? (Use 1 μC = 1 × 10^-6 C).

Answer: Q = 2.5 × 10^-6 C; t = 0.05 s I = Q / t = (2.5 × 10^-6 C) / 0.05 s = 5 × 10^-5 A

Question 2: In an industrial process, static charges build up on insulating materials during packaging. Explain how static charge could affect the process and suggest one way to minimise this effect.

Answer: Static charge can cause materials to attract unwanted dust or cause sparks that may lead to explosions or damage. To minimise this, use anti-static sprays or grounding techniques to dissipate the static charge.

Question 1: Explain how static electricity is utilised in electrostatic precipitators used in pollution control.

Answer: Electrostatic precipitators use static charges to attract and remove dust and smoke particles from exhaust gases by giving particles a charge and collecting them on oppositely charged plates.

Question 2: Describe how charge flow principles are important in the operation of photocopiers or laser printers.

Answer: Photocopiers and laser printers use static electricity to attract toner particles to specific areas of paper. An electric charge is applied to the drum or paper surface, which attracts toner based on the pattern of static charge, creating the printed image. Proper control of charge flow ensures high-quality printing.