Question 1: Define a transverse wave and give an example of where it can be observed in everyday life.

Answer: A wave in which the particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation; e.g., waves on a string or surface water waves.

Question 2: Describe how a longitudinal wave propagates through a medium and name an example of such a wave.

Answer: Particles oscillate parallel to the direction of wave travel; example: sound waves.

Question 3: Explain the difference between the particle motion in transverse and longitudinal waves.

Answer: In transverse waves, particles move perpendicular to wave direction; in longitudinal waves, particles move parallel to wave direction.

Question 1: A longitudinal wave travels through air at a speed of 340 m/s. If the frequency of the wave is 170 Hz, what is its wavelength? (Use the wave equation: v = f λ).

Answer: Wavelength λ = v / f = 340 m/s / 170 Hz = 2 meters.

Question 1: Describe a simple experimental setup to demonstrate the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves using a slinky or spring.

Answer: Stretch a slinky on a smooth surface. To show transverse waves, create side-to-side oscillations; for longitudinal waves, push and pull along the length of the slinky to produce compressions and rarefactions.

Question 2: Identify two variables that can be changed in the experiment and two safety precautions students should observe.

Answer: Variables: amplitude and frequency. Safety precautions: avoid excessive force to prevent equipment damage; keep hands clear of moving parts to prevent injury.

Question 1: A sound wave with a frequency of 440 Hz travels through a solid medium at 2200 m/s. Describe the type of wave and calculate its wavelength. Explain how the wave's speed affects its wavelength.

Answer: The wave is a longitudinal wave, as sound in solids is longitudinal. Wavelength λ = v / f = 2200 m/s / 440 Hz = 5 meters. Higher wave speed results in a longer wavelength for a given frequency.

Question 1: Compare and contrast transverse and longitudinal waves in terms of particle motion, wave propagation, and examples. Include an explanation of how energy is transferred in each type.

Answer: Transverse waves involve particle movement perpendicular to wave direction, transferring energy via oscillations like on a string or water surface. Longitudinal waves have particles oscillating parallel to wave travel, transferring energy through compressions and rarefactions, as seen in sound waves. Both transfer energy but differ in particle motion and medium interactions.

Question 1: Explain how knowledge of transverse and longitudinal waves is utilised in medical ultrasound imaging.

Answer: Ultrasound uses high-frequency longitudinal waves that propagate through body tissues; understanding wave behaviour ensures accurate imaging and safety in medical diagnostics.