Question 1: Define what is meant by a 'product specification' in the context of Product Design. Why is it important to have a detailed specification before beginning the design process?

Answer: A product specification is a detailed document that outlines the requirements, constraints, and features of a product to ensure it meets user needs and manufacturing standards. It is important because it guides the design process, helps prevent errors, and ensures the final product fulfills its intended purpose.

Question 2: Identify three key factors that should be considered when defining the target user for a new sports water bottle.

Answer: Age group of users, typical activities or sports they participate in, and user preferences such as size, weight, and ease of use.

Question 3: Imagine you are designing a portable laptop stand. List five specifications that would be important to include in your design brief.

Answer: Weight limit (maximum weight it can support), maximum and minimum adjustable height, material type, dimensions when folded, and stability features.

Question 4: Describe a scenario where a poorly defined specification could lead to a product failure. What might go wrong?

Answer: If the specification for a phone case does not specify the exact dimensions, the case might be too tight or too loose, leading to poor protection or difficulty in fitting the phone, resulting in customer dissatisfaction.

Question 5: Sketch a simple plan for a compact, ergonomic keyring flashlight. Include annotations for key features such as the switch, light source, and battery compartment.

Answer: A clear sketch showing a small cylindrical or rectangular flashlight with a push button switch on the side, a visible LED light at the front, and a battery compartment accessible from the back or side. Annotations should specify the switch location, light placement, and battery size.

Question 6: Explain the difference between a 'constraint' and a 'specification' in product design. Provide an example of each.

Answer: A 'specification' describes the desired features and requirements of the product, such as size or performance. A 'constraint' is a limiting factor or restriction that must be adhered to, such as budget or material availability. Example: A specification might be 'product must support 10kg weight,' while a constraint could be 'must be made within a £20 budget.'

Question 7: Draw a side view of a reusable coffee cup. Label the lid, body, and base. Indicate how the cup might be insulated.

Answer: A side profile drawing showing a cylindrical cup with a removable lid on top, a thicker body for insulation, and a stable base. Labels should include 'Lid,' 'Body,' 'Insulation Layer,' and 'Base.' The insulation could be indicated by a double-layer wall or a shaded section.

Question 8: List three environmental considerations that should be included in the specifications for a new water bottle.

Answer: Use of recyclable materials, durability for reuse, and minimal environmental impact during manufacturing.

Question 9: Describe how user feedback could influence the final specifications of a product. Give an example related to a portable speaker.

Answer: User feedback can reveal issues like poor battery life or difficulty carrying the speaker, leading designers to adjust specifications such as increasing battery capacity or adding a handle for portability to improve user satisfaction.

Question 10: For a new desk lamp designed for students, suggest two specifications related to the lighting and two related to safety.

Answer: Lighting specifications: adjustable brightness levels and a flexible neck for directing light. Safety specifications: the lamp should have a stable base to prevent tipping and should use low-voltage components to reduce electrical hazards.