Question 1: Define the main focus of the Behaviourist approach in Psychology.

Answer: The Behaviourist approach focuses on observable behaviours and believes that all behaviour is learned through interactions with the environment, primarily via conditioning.

Question 2: Describe how the Biological approach explains human behaviour.

Answer: The Biological approach explains behaviour in terms of biological processes such as genetics, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters.

Question 3: Compare the key assumptions of the Cognitive and Psychoanalytic approaches.

Answer: The Cognitive approach emphasizes mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving, viewing behaviour as a result of internal mental functions. In contrast, the Psychoanalytic approach focuses on unconscious motives and childhood experiences influencing behaviour.

Question 4: Explain one strength and one limitation of the Humanistic approach.

Answer: A strength is that it emphasizes individual free will and personal growth, promoting a positive view of human potential. A limitation is that it lacks scientific basis and is difficult to test empirically.

Question 5: Imagine a scenario where a person develops a phobia after a traumatic experience. Which approach would best explain this, and why?

Answer: The Behaviourist approach would explain this through classical conditioning, where the traumatic experience (unconditioned stimulus) became associated with a specific object or situation (conditioned stimulus), leading to a phobia.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram representing the main components of the Cognitive approach. Label the components and describe their function.

Answer: A diagram with three boxes labeled 'Input (sensory information)', 'Processing (brain and mental processes)', and 'Output (behaviour or response)'. The diagram should show arrows from input to processing to output, illustrating the flow of information.

Question 7: Identify one real-life example where the Biological approach might explain a behaviour, and describe it.

Answer: A person experiencing depression might be explained by the Biological approach as related to imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin or genetic predisposition.

Question 8: Discuss how the Humanistic approach differs from the Behaviourist approach in explaining motivation.

Answer: The Humanistic approach sees motivation as driven by innate needs for self-actualization and personal growth, emphasizing free will. The Behaviourist approach views motivation as a response to external rewards or punishments learned through conditioning.

Question 9: Sketch a diagram comparing the main ideas of the four approaches discussed. Include key features or assumptions for each.

Answer: A table or four boxes, each representing one approach: Behaviourist (learning through conditioning), Biological (biological processes), Cognitive (mental processes), Humanistic (personal growth and free will). The sketch should clearly differentiate each approach.