Question 1: Define the main focus of the biological approach in psychology.

Answer: The biological approach focuses on how biological factors such as genetics, hormones, and brain structures influence behavior and mental processes.

Question 2: Describe one way the behaviourist approach explains how people learn new behaviors.

Answer: The behaviourist approach explains learning through classical or operant conditioning, where behaviors are learned through association or reinforcement.

Question 3: Explain how the cognitive approach differs from the biological approach in understanding human behavior.

Answer: The cognitive approach emphasizes mental processes like thinking, memory, and problem-solving, whereas the biological approach focuses on physical brain structures and biological factors.

Question 4: Identify one strength and one limitation of the psychodynamic approach.

Answer: Strength: It offers insights into unconscious influences on behavior. Limitation: It lacks scientific evidence and relies heavily on case studies.

Question 5: Compare how the humanistic approach and the behaviourist approach view the concept of free will.

Answer: The humanistic approach sees humans as capable of free will and personal choice, aiming for self-actualization. The behaviourist approach generally views behavior as shaped by environmental stimuli and reinforcement, with less emphasis on free will.

Question 6: Imagine a scenario where a student receives praise every time they complete their homework. Which approach best explains this behavior, and why?

Answer: The behaviourist approach explains this behavior through operant conditioning, as the praise acts as a positive reinforcement increasing the likelihood of homework completion.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram illustrating how the cognitive approach views information processing in the brain.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a flowchart with inputs (e.g., sensory information), processing stages (e.g., encoding, storage, retrieval), and outputs (behavior or responses). It might include boxes labeled 'sensory memory', 'short-term memory', and 'long-term memory' connected by arrows.

Question 8: Sketch a diagram that represents the main idea of the psychodynamic approach, including key components such as the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious mind.

Answer: A correct sketch would depict a large circle divided into three sections labeled 'conscious', 'preconscious', and 'unconscious', with arrows indicating interactions between them, often with the id, ego, and superego placed within or around these sections.

Question 9: Evaluate one strength and one weakness of the biological approach in explaining behavior.

Answer: Strength: It provides scientific evidence through experiments and brain scans. Weakness: It may overlook environmental and psychological factors influencing behavior.