Question 1: What is the main purpose of obtaining informed consent from participants before a psychological study?

Answer: To ensure participants are aware of what the study involves, any potential risks, and agree to take part voluntarily.

Question 2: Explain why confidentiality is important in psychological research.

Answer: Confidentiality protects participants' personal information, ensuring their privacy is maintained and encouraging honest responses.

Question 3: Describe one example of how a psychologist can minimize potential harm to participants during a study.

Answer: By monitoring participants closely and stopping the experiment if they experience distress or discomfort.

Question 4: Why is debriefing necessary after a psychological experiment?

Answer: To explain the purpose of the study, address any questions, and ensure participants leave without any negative feelings or misconceptions.

Question 5: Identify one ethical guideline that relates to avoiding deception in research.

Answer: Participants should not be deceived unless the deception is essential for the research and there is no alternative method.

Question 6: What should a psychologist do if they discover that a participant has provided false information during a study?

Answer: They should carefully assess the impact and decide whether to exclude the data or seek clarification, ensuring the integrity of the research.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram illustrating the steps a researcher should follow to ensure ethical guidelines are met in a study. Label each step clearly.

Answer: A flowchart with boxes labeled: 1. Obtain approval from ethics committee, 2. Get informed consent, 3. Conduct the study ethically, 4. Debrief participants, 5. Maintain confidentiality.

Question 8: Describe what a researcher must do if they realize their study might cause psychological harm to participants during the experiment.

Answer: They should stop the experiment immediately, provide support to participants, and review the procedures to prevent harm.

Question 9: Explain the importance of voluntary participation in psychological research.

Answer: It ensures participants agree to take part freely without pressure, respecting their autonomy and rights.

Question 10: Sketch a diagram representing the ethical considerations a researcher must keep in mind when designing a study. Include at least three key points.

Answer: A Venn diagram or list with points such as: Informed Consent, Confidentiality, Minimizing Harm.