Question 1: Define the term 'free will' in the context of psychology.

Answer: Free will refers to the idea that individuals have the ability to make choices independently of external or internal influences.

Question 2: Explain the concept of determinism in psychology.

Answer: Determinism suggests that all behaviour is caused by preceding factors such as genetics, environment, or past experiences, leaving little room for free choice.

Question 3: Describe one psychological experiment or study that supports the idea of free will.

Answer: An example is Libet's experiment, where participants' brain activity was measured before they consciously decided to move, suggesting some degree of free will in decision-making.

Question 4: Describe one psychological experiment or study that supports determinism.

Answer: A study by Bandura demonstrated that children's aggressive behaviour could be influenced by observing aggressive models, supporting environmental determinism.

Question 5: Compare free will and determinism in the context of criminal behaviour.

Answer: Free will suggests individuals choose to commit crimes, implying moral responsibility. Determinism argues that external factors, such as upbringing or environment, influence behaviour, which may reduce personal responsibility.

Question 6: Identify one strength and one weakness of the free will perspective.

Answer: Strength: It supports personal responsibility and moral accountability. Weakness: It may overlook the influence of external factors on behaviour.

Question 7: Identify one strength and one weakness of the determinism perspective.

Answer: Strength: It explains behaviour through scientific evidence and causal factors. Weakness: It can undermine individual responsibility and moral accountability.

Question 8: Imagine you are asked to draw a diagram illustrating the debate between free will and determinism. Sketch a simple flowchart showing two paths: one representing free will and one representing determinism, with key ideas or influences leading to behaviour.

Answer: A flowchart with a starting point labeled 'Human Behaviour' branching into two paths: 'Free Will' with arrows pointing to 'Conscious Decision' and 'Personal Choice'; and 'Determinism' with arrows pointing to 'Genetics', 'Environment', and 'Past Experiences'.

Question 9: Explain how the concept of moral responsibility differs under free will and determinism.

Answer: Under free will, individuals are seen as morally responsible for their actions because they have the capacity to choose. Under determinism, moral responsibility is questioned because behaviour is viewed as caused by external or internal factors beyond control.

Question 10: Discuss one real-life implication of accepting either free will or determinism in the criminal justice system.

Answer: If free will is accepted, criminals are held fully responsible for their actions and punished accordingly. If determinism is accepted, factors like upbringing or mental health may be considered, leading to more rehabilitative approaches rather than purely punitive measures.