Question 1: What is the main purpose of an experiment in psychology?

Answer: To find out if one variable affects another by testing hypotheses under controlled conditions.

Question 2: Describe what a control group is in an experiment.

Answer: A group of participants that does not receive the experimental treatment, used for comparison.

Question 3: Explain why it is important to have an independent variable in an experiment.

Answer: Because it is the variable that the researcher changes to see if it affects the dependent variable.

Question 4: Identify two features that make an experiment a valid method for testing ideas.

Answer: Control over variables and the ability to measure changes accurately.

Question 5: In an experiment testing the effect of sleep on memory, what might be the independent and dependent variables?

Answer: Independent variable: amount of sleep; Dependent variable: performance on memory tests.

Question 6: What is a hypothesis in an experiment? Give an example related to psychology.

Answer: A prediction about what the researcher expects to happen. Example: 'Students who sleep more will perform better on tests.'

Question 7: Draw a simple outline of a basic experimental setup where a researcher tests the effect of music on concentration. Label the key parts such as the participant, the music, and the task.

Answer: A sketch showing a participant sitting at a table performing a task, with a source of music nearby, and labels indicating 'Participant', 'Music source', and 'Task'.

Question 8: Why is it important to repeat an experiment several times?

Answer: To ensure the results are reliable and not due to chance or mistakes.

Question 9: What does it mean to 'control variables' in an experiment? Provide an example.

Answer: It means keeping all other factors the same except for the independent variable. Example: keeping the same room temperature during the experiment.

Question 10: Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using an experiment to study psychology.

Answer: Advantage: It can show cause-and-effect relationships. Disadvantage: It may not reflect real-life situations.