Question 1: Define the term 'psychology' in your own words.

Answer: Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour.

Question 2: Who is considered the 'father of psychology' and what was his main contribution?

Answer: Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of psychology; he established the first laboratory dedicated to psychological research and used introspection to study consciousness.

Question 3: Describe the main idea behind the behaviourist approach in psychology.

Answer: The behaviourist approach focuses on observable behaviours and believes that all behaviour is learned through interactions with the environment, without considering thoughts or feelings.

Question 4: Explain the difference between introspection and observation as methods in early psychology.

Answer: Introspection involves looking inward and reporting personal thoughts and feelings, while observation involves watching and recording behaviours without necessarily understanding the internal experiences.

Question 5: Name one psychologist associated with the cognitive approach and describe one of their key ideas.

Answer: Jean Piaget is associated with the cognitive approach; he proposed that children go through stages of mental development and that thinking processes influence behaviour.

Question 6: Imagine you are a psychologist in the 1800s. Describe a simple experiment you might conduct to study consciousness.

Answer: I would ask participants to describe their thoughts and feelings during specific tasks, using introspection to understand their conscious experiences.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram showing the main components of Wilhelm Wundt's experimental setup for studying consciousness.

Answer: A correct sketch would include a participant, a laboratory setting, an experimenter, and a device used to record introspective reports, such as a stopwatch or recording device.

Question 8: Why was the behaviourist approach considered a significant development in psychology?

Answer: Because it focused on measurable and observable behaviour, making psychology more scientific and objective.

Question 9: Identify one limitation of early psychology methods such as introspection.

Answer: Introspection is subjective and can vary from person to person, making it unreliable as a scientific method.

Question 10: Summarise in your own words how psychology has evolved from its origins to today.

Answer: Psychology started with a focus on consciousness and introspection, then moved to behaviourism, and later incorporated cognitive and biological approaches, becoming a diverse science that studies the mind and behaviour using various methods.