Question 1: Describe the main function of a neuron in the nervous system.

Answer: A neuron transmits electrical impulses throughout the nervous system, enabling communication between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.

Question 2: Explain what a synapse is and its role in neural communication.

Answer: A synapse is the gap between two neurons where chemical signals called neurotransmitters are released, allowing electrical signals to pass from one neuron to the next.

Question 3: Identify and describe the function of two types of neurons found in the human nervous system.

Answer: Sensory neurons transmit information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands to produce responses.

Question 4: Describe the process that occurs when a neuron fires an electrical impulse, including the roles of the axon, dendrites, and synapse.

Answer: When a neuron fires, an electrical impulse travels along the axon from the cell body towards the axon terminals. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons. At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released to pass the signal to the next neuron, completing the communication.

Question 5: Sketch and label a diagram of a typical neuron, including the following parts: cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, and axon terminals.

Answer: A correct sketch should show a cell body with branching dendrites on one end, a long axon covered with a myelin sheath, and terminal branches at the end of the axon where neurotransmitters are released.

Question 6: Explain how the structure of a neuron is related to its function in transmitting nerve impulses.

Answer: The long shape of the neuron allows it to transmit impulses over distances. Dendrites increase surface area for receiving signals, and the axon ensures rapid transmission of electrical impulses, especially when covered with myelin.

Question 7: What is the significance of the myelin sheath in neural transmission?

Answer: The myelin sheath insulates the axon, speeding up the transmission of electrical impulses and protecting the neuron from damage.

Question 8: Describe the process of synaptic transmission, including the role of neurotransmitters.

Answer: When an electrical impulse reaches the axon terminals, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic gap. These chemicals bind to receptors on the receiving neuron, triggering a new electrical impulse in that neuron.

Question 9: Draw a simple diagram of a synapse, showing the presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic neuron. Label each part.

Answer: A correct diagram should depict a presynaptic neuron ending at the synaptic terminal, a gap (synaptic cleft), and a postsynaptic neuron with receptor sites. Labels should clearly identify each part.