Question 1: Describe the main function of a neuron in the nervous system.

Answer: A neuron transmits electrical and chemical signals throughout the nervous system, allowing communication between the brain, spinal cord, and other body parts.

Question 2: Explain the role of the myelin sheath in nerve conduction.

Answer: The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that surrounds the axon and speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses along the neuron.

Question 3: Identify and describe the function of the three main parts of a neuron: dendrites, soma, and axon.

Answer: Dendrites are branch-like structures that receive signals from other neurons. The soma, or cell body, processes these signals. The axon conducts electrical impulses away from the soma towards other neurons or muscles.

Question 4: Explain what happens during synaptic transmission, including the roles of neurotransmitters and receptors.

Answer: During synaptic transmission, an electrical impulse reaches the end of the presynaptic neuron, triggering the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemicals cross the gap and bind to receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to the continuation or inhibition of the nerve impulse.

Question 5: Describe what a synapse is and its importance in neural communication.

Answer: A synapse is the gap between two neurons where chemical signals are transmitted from one neuron to another, enabling communication within the nervous system.

Question 6: Identify two types of neurotransmitters and briefly state their functions.

Answer: Dopamine is involved in reward and pleasure systems, while serotonin helps regulate mood, sleep, and appetite.

Question 7: Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron, including the dendrites, soma, axon, myelin sheath, and terminal buttons.

Answer: A correct sketch should depict a neuron with clearly marked dendrites receiving signals, a central soma, an elongated axon covered in segments representing the myelin sheath, and terminal buttons at the end of the axon where neurotransmitters are released.

Question 8: Explain how the structure of a neuron is related to its function in transmitting signals.

Answer: The neuron's structure, including the long axon and dendrites, allows it to receive, process, and transmit electrical signals efficiently across long distances in the body.

Question 9: Describe the process of how a nerve impulse travels from one neuron to the next.

Answer: An electrical impulse travels down the axon of the presynaptic neuron to the terminal buttons, releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse. These chemicals bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, triggering a new electrical impulse that travels down its axon.

Question 10: Suggest one way in which understanding neurons and synapses can help in treating mental health conditions.

Answer: Understanding how neurotransmitters work can help develop medications that restore chemical imbalances, such as antidepressants increasing serotonin levels.