Question 1: Describe the main function of a neuron in the nervous system.

Answer: A neuron transmits electrical impulses throughout the nervous system, allowing communication between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.

Question 2: Explain how a nerve impulse travels across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Answer: An electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron (presynaptic neuron), triggering the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. These chemicals diffuse across the gap and bind to receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron, generating a new electrical impulse.

Question 3: Identify and describe the function of the parts labeled as the 'cell body,' 'axon,' and 'dendrites' in a neuron.

Answer: The cell body contains the nucleus and controls the neuron’s functions. The axon carries electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons. The dendrites receive signals from other neurons.

Question 4: What role do neurotransmitters play in neural communication?

Answer: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synaptic gap, enabling neurons to communicate and influence other cells.

Question 5: Draw a simple diagram of a neuron, labeling the cell body, axon, dendrites, and terminal buttons. Ensure your drawing clearly shows these parts.

Answer: A correct sketch will depict a neuron with a central cell body, branching dendrites at one end, a long axon extending from the cell body, and terminal buttons at the end of the axon.

Question 6: Explain the process of synaptic transmission including the role of neurotransmitters and receptor sites.

Answer: When an electrical impulse reaches the terminal buttons of a neuron, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. These chemicals bind to receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing the impulse to continue its journey.

Question 7: Describe what happens during a reflex action in terms of neural pathways.

Answer: A reflex action involves sensory neurons transmitting a signal to the spinal cord, where it is processed quickly, and then motor neurons send a response directly to muscles, bypassing the brain for quicker reaction.

Question 8: Discuss two ways in which the structure of a neuron is specialized for its function.

Answer: Neurons have long axons to transmit impulses over distances and dendrites to receive signals from other neurons, both adaptations that facilitate efficient neural communication.

Question 9: Identify two types of neurotransmitters and briefly state their functions.

Answer: Serotonin regulates mood and sleep, while dopamine is involved in reward and motivation.