Question 1: Define the term 'neurotransmitter' and explain its function in the nervous system.

Answer: A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another, enabling communication within the nervous system.

Question 2: Name two neurotransmitters associated with mood regulation and describe their effects on a person's emotional state.

Answer: Serotonin and dopamine are associated with mood regulation. Serotonin contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness, while dopamine is linked to pleasure and reward.

Question 3: Describe what happens at a synapse when a neurotransmitter is released from a neuron.

Answer: When a neurotransmitter is released, it crosses the synaptic cleft and binds to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which can trigger a new electrical impulse if the signal is strong enough.

Question 4: Identify a neurotransmitter that is linked to the 'fight or flight' response and explain its role.

Answer: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is linked to the 'fight or flight' response; it prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy supplies.

Question 5: Explain how an imbalance of dopamine might be related to mental health conditions.

Answer: An excess of dopamine has been linked to schizophrenia, while a deficiency may be associated with depression or Parkinson's disease.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of a neuron and label the key parts involved in neurotransmission.

Answer: A correct sketch should include the cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, terminal buttons, and the synaptic gap. Labels should clearly identify these parts.

Question 7: Describe the process of how a neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft after transmission.

Answer: Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft through reuptake into the presynaptic neuron or breakdown by enzymes such as monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Question 8: Suggest one way that understanding neurotransmitters could help in developing treatments for mental health conditions.

Answer: By developing drugs that regulate neurotransmitter levels, such as antidepressants increasing serotonin, it is possible to alleviate symptoms of mental health conditions like depression.

Question 9: Discuss the potential impact of a deficiency in serotonin on an individual’s mental health.

Answer: A deficiency in serotonin is often linked to depression, as it can reduce feelings of well-being and increase feelings of sadness or anxiety.