Question 1: Define the term 'neurotransmitter' and explain its function in the nervous system.

Answer: A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits signals across synapses between neurons, enabling communication within the nervous system.

Question 2: Name two neurotransmitters that are involved in mood regulation and describe their typical effects.

Answer: Serotonin, which is associated with mood stabilization and happiness; and dopamine, which is linked to pleasure, reward, and motivation.

Question 3: Describe what happens at a synapse when a neurotransmitter is released from a neuron.

Answer: When a neurotransmitter is released, it crosses the synaptic gap and binds to specific receptor sites on the receiving neuron, which can either activate or inhibit that neuron from firing.

Question 4: Explain how an imbalance of dopamine can affect human behavior.

Answer: An imbalance of dopamine can lead to conditions such as schizophrenia (excess dopamine) or Parkinson's disease (low dopamine), affecting mood, motivation, and movement.

Question 5: Identify two medications that influence neurotransmitter activity and describe their effects.

Answer: Antidepressants like SSRIs increase serotonin levels, improving mood; Parkinson’s medication like L-DOPA boosts dopamine production, helping with motor control.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of a neuron and label the key parts involved in neurotransmitter transmission.

Answer: A neuron diagram should include the cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, and terminal buttons. Labels should indicate where neurotransmitters are released (terminal buttons) and received (dendrites).

Question 7: Describe the process by which neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic gap after firing.

Answer: Neurotransmitters are removed through reuptake into the presynaptic neuron, broken down by enzymes, or diffuse away from the synaptic gap.

Question 8: Discuss the role of serotonin in sleep regulation and mood.

Answer: Serotonin helps regulate sleep patterns and mood; low levels are linked to depression and sleep disturbances, while balanced levels promote well-being.

Question 9: Explain the concept of 'synaptic transmission' and why it is essential for nervous system functioning.

Answer: Synaptic transmission is the process of transferring signals between neurons via neurotransmitters, which is essential for communication within the nervous system, enabling responses and behaviors.

Question 10: Identify and briefly explain one disorder linked to neurotransmitter imbalance.

Answer: Depression is linked to low levels of serotonin, leading to symptoms like persistent sadness, lack of motivation, and changes in sleep and appetite.