Question 1: Define the term 'approach' in psychology and explain its significance in understanding human behaviour.

Answer: An approach in psychology is a set of ideas or a perspective that explains behaviour and mental processes. It is significant because it provides a framework for understanding, researching, and treating psychological phenomena.

Question 2: Describe the main focus of the Behaviourist approach and name one key figure associated with it.

Answer: The Behaviourist approach focuses on observable behaviour and how it is learned through interactions with the environment. One key figure is John B. Watson.

Question 3: Explain the origins of the Psychodynamic approach and identify its founder.

Answer: The Psychodynamic approach originated from Freud's work, emphasizing unconscious drives and childhood experiences as influences on behaviour.

Question 4: Compare the Humanistic approach with the Biological approach in terms of their focus on human behaviour.

Answer: The Humanistic approach emphasizes personal growth, free will, and subjective experience, while the Biological approach focuses on genetic, hormonal, and neurological factors that influence behaviour.

Question 5: Identify and briefly explain one criticism of the Behaviourist approach.

Answer: One criticism is that it ignores mental processes and internal thoughts, focusing only on observable behaviour, which may oversimplify human psychology.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram to illustrate the concept of classical conditioning, including the key components involved.

Answer: A diagram should show a stimulus (e.g., bell) leading to a response (e.g., salivation) after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., food). It should include the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response.

Question 7: Sketch an example of a visual representation that could be used to explain the origins of the Humanistic approach. Label the key features.

Answer: A suitable sketch might be a pyramid or a tree with 'Personal Growth' at the top, with branches representing key concepts like 'Self-Actualisation' and 'Free Will.' Labels should clearly indicate these features.

Question 8: Describe how the Cognitive approach differs from the Behaviourist approach in explaining behaviour.

Answer: The Cognitive approach emphasizes internal mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving, whereas the Behaviourist approach focuses solely on observable behaviour and learning through environmental stimuli.

Question 9: Explain how the historical development of psychology has influenced its current approaches.

Answer: Psychology's development from philosophy and physiology has led to diverse approaches, such as Behaviourism stemming from physiology, and Psychodynamics from psychoanalytic ideas, shaping modern methods and perspectives.