Question 1: Define the term 'approach' in psychology and explain its significance in understanding human behavior.

Answer: An approach in psychology is a perspective or method used to understand and explain behavior and mental processes. It is significant because it guides research and treatment methods within the field.

Question 2: Describe the main idea behind the Biological approach to psychology.

Answer: The Biological approach suggests that behavior and mental processes are influenced by biological factors such as genetics, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters.

Question 3: Identify and briefly explain two historical figures associated with the origins of psychology.

Answer: Wilhelm Wundt is known as the father of experimental psychology, establishing the first laboratory dedicated to psychological research. William James contributed to functionalism, emphasizing the purpose of consciousness and behavior.

Question 4: Explain how the Behaviourist approach differs from the Psychodynamic approach in understanding human behavior.

Answer: The Behaviourist approach focuses on observable behavior and learning through conditioning, while the Psychodynamic approach emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences influencing behavior.

Question 5: Describe a scenario where a behaviourist would explain a person's fear of dogs.

Answer: A behaviourist would explain the fear as a result of classical conditioning, where the person might have experienced a traumatic event involving a dog, leading to an association between dogs and fear.

Question 6: Sketch a diagram that illustrates the concept of classical conditioning. Label the key components and include a brief description of each.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a diagram with two stimuli: an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., food) leading to an unconditioned response (e.g., salivation), and a neutral stimulus (e.g., bell) paired with the unconditioned stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response (salivation).

Question 7: Identify one strength and one limitation of the Cognitive approach in studying human behavior.

Answer: Strength: It provides insight into mental processes like memory and perception, which are not directly observable. Limitation: It can be criticized for being too abstract and lacking direct evidence of internal mental states.

Question 8: Discuss how the Humanistic approach views the concept of free will and personal growth.

Answer: The Humanistic approach emphasizes that individuals have free will and are capable of personal growth and self-actualization, focusing on positive human qualities and subjective experiences.

Question 9: Draw a simple flowchart showing how an approach influences research focus and methods in psychology.

Answer: A flowchart should start with the 'Approach' at the top, leading to 'Research Focus' (e.g., biological factors, unconscious motives), then to 'Methods' (e.g., experiments, case studies). The flow should clearly show the link from approach to research focus and methods.