Question 1: Explain in your own words what the 'unconscious mind' means in the psychodynamic approach.

Answer: The unconscious mind is a part of our mind that we are not aware of, which contains thoughts, feelings, and memories that influence our behaviour without us realizing.

Question 2: Describe the role of the 'id' in Freud's theory of personality.

Answer: The 'id' is the part of personality that is instinctive and seeks immediate pleasure and satisfaction of basic needs without considering consequences.

Question 3: What is meant by the term 'defence mechanisms' in the psychodynamic approach? Give one example.

Answer: Defence mechanisms are unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect itself from anxiety or uncomfortable thoughts. An example is repression, where unpleasant memories are pushed out of awareness.

Question 4: Imagine a person who gets very angry when criticized but then quickly forgets about the incident. Which defence mechanism might this demonstrate?

Answer: This could demonstrate repression, where the person unconsciously blocks out the criticism to avoid feeling upset.

Question 5: Describe what the 'ego' does in Freud's model of personality.

Answer: The ego acts as the rational part of personality that balances the desires of the id with the morals of the superego and makes realistic decisions.

Question 6: Explain how the psychodynamic approach views the cause of behaviour.

Answer: It believes that behaviour is influenced by unconscious thoughts, childhood experiences, and inner conflicts between different parts of the mind.

Question 7: Describe the process of 'free association' as used in psychoanalysis.

Answer: Free association involves a person saying whatever comes to mind without censorship, helping uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 8: Sketch a simple diagram showing the three parts of Freud's personality model: the id, ego, and superego. Label each part clearly.

Answer: A diagram with three overlapping circles or sections labeled 'Id' (which seeks pleasure), 'Ego' (which mediates), and 'Superego' (which enforces morals), illustrating their interactions.

Question 9: Imagine a child who is told they cannot have a toy but begins to cry and then stops suddenly, appearing calm. Which defence mechanism might this demonstrate?

Answer: This could demonstrate reaction formation, where the child suppresses their true feelings and appears calm.

Question 10: What does the term 'psychoanalysis' mean in the context of the psychodynamic approach?

Answer: Psychoanalysis is a therapeutic method developed by Freud that aims to explore unconscious thoughts and feelings to understand and resolve psychological problems.