Question 1: Describe the deviation from typical behavior that might lead a psychologist to classify someone as abnormal based on the statistical infrequency definition.

Answer: Behavior that is rare or uncommon in the general population, such as extreme anxiety or exceptionally high intelligence, might be considered abnormal under this definition.

Question 2: Explain how the failure to function adequately is used as a criterion for abnormality. Give an example of a behavior that might be seen as failing to function.

Answer: Failing to function adequately refers to when a person's behavior prevents them from living a normal life, such as consistently neglecting personal hygiene or being unable to hold a job.

Question 3: Identify and briefly describe the role of distress in defining abnormality. Why is distress an important factor?

Answer: Distress refers to the emotional suffering experienced by an individual. It is important because it indicates that the behavior or condition may be causing significant personal pain or discomfort.

Question 4: Compare the concepts of deviation from social norms and statistical infrequency in defining abnormality.

Answer: Deviation from social norms considers behaviors that go against societal expectations, while statistical infrequency focuses on behaviors that are rare in the population. Social norms are culturally based, whereas statistical infrequency is based on numerical rarity.

Question 5: Provide a verbal scenario where a person's behavior might be considered abnormal according to the deviation from social norms criterion.

Answer: A person loudly shouting and acting aggressively in a quiet library would be deviating from social norms and might be considered abnormal.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram or flowchart illustrating how the four criteria for abnormality (statistical infrequency, failure to function, distress, deviation from social norms) can be linked or contrasted.

Answer: A correct diagram would show four circles labeled with each criterion, with arrows demonstrating their overlaps and distinctions, such as some behaviors being infrequent but not distressing, or distressful but socially acceptable.

Question 7: Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of using the distress criterion to define abnormality.

Answer: Advantage: It focuses on the individual's personal experience, helping identify those who need help. Disadvantage: Some individuals with mental health issues may not feel distressed or may not recognize their problem.

Question 8: Create a brief scenario where a behavior is considered abnormal because it deviates from social norms but does not cause the individual distress or failure to function.

Answer: A person wearing unusual clothing or performing unconventional dances in public might be deviating from social norms but may not experience distress or have difficulty functioning.

Question 9: Explain why multiple criteria are used to define abnormality instead of relying on just one.

Answer: Using multiple criteria provides a more comprehensive understanding of abnormality, reducing the risk of misclassification by capturing different aspects of behavior, such as rarity, impact, and societal expectations.

Question 10: Sketch a table with two columns: one for each of the four criteria (statistical infrequency, failure to function, distress, deviation from social norms). In each cell, briefly note a characteristic or example related to that criterion.

Answer: A table with four rows and two columns. For example: 'Statistical infrequency' - behavior is rare (e.g., very high IQ). 'Failure to function' - inability to maintain personal hygiene. 'Distress' - feelings of intense anxiety. 'Deviation from social norms' - dressing in an unconventional manner.