Question 1: Define depression and describe two common emotional symptoms experienced by individuals suffering from it.

Answer: Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and low mood. Common emotional symptoms include feelings of hopelessness and persistent sadness.

Question 2: Identify and explain two behavioural signs that might indicate someone is experiencing depression.

Answer: Behavioural signs include withdrawal from social activities and a noticeable decrease in personal hygiene. These indicate reduced motivation and energy levels associated with depression.

Question 3: List three possible biological factors that can contribute to depression.

Answer: Genetic predisposition, imbalances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin, and hormonal changes can contribute to depression.

Question 4: Describe how cognitive explanations account for the development of depression. Include one example of a negative thought pattern.

Answer: Cognitive explanations suggest that depression results from negative thought patterns and distorted thinking. For example, a person might have a belief that they are worthless, leading to feelings of despair.

Question 5: Explain what is meant by 'clinical depression' and how it differs from feeling sad occasionally.

Answer: Clinical depression is a diagnosed mental health disorder characterized by persistent and severe symptoms that interfere with daily life. It differs from feeling sad occasionally, which is a normal emotional response to events.

Question 6: Identify two psychological treatments used for depression and briefly describe how each one helps.

Answer: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns, promoting healthier thinking. Medication, such as antidepressants, balances neurotransmitter levels in the brain to improve mood.

Question 7: Draw a flowchart illustrating the typical cycle of depression, including triggers, thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and consequences. Leave a large blank space for your diagram.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a cyclical flow starting with a trigger (e.g., stressful event), leading to negative thoughts, which cause feelings of sadness or hopelessness, resulting in withdrawal or inactivity, and ultimately reinforcing the negative thoughts, continuing the cycle.

Question 8: Discuss two social factors that can influence the development or maintenance of depression.

Answer: Social isolation and experiencing significant life stressors, such as loss of a loved one or unemployment, can increase the risk of developing or maintaining depression.

Question 9: Suggest one lifestyle change that could help someone manage their depression and explain why it might be effective.

Answer: Regular physical exercise can help by releasing endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain that improve mood and reduce feelings of depression.