Question 1: Explain what is meant by the term 'localisation of function' in psychology.

Answer: Localisation of function refers to the idea that specific areas of the brain are responsible for specific behaviors or mental processes.

Question 2: Name two brain areas involved in language processing and briefly describe their roles.

Answer: Broca’s area, which is involved in speech production, and Wernicke’s area, which is involved in understanding language.

Question 3: Describe a real-life example where damage to a specific brain area affected a person's abilities. Include the brain area and the effect.

Answer: A person with damage to Broca’s area may experience Broca’s aphasia, resulting in difficulty speaking or forming sentences, while understanding speech remains relatively intact.

Question 4: Identify which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information.

Answer: The occipital lobe.

Question 5: Explain how the case study of Phineas Gage supports the idea of localisation of function.

Answer: Phineas Gage's personality and behavior changed after a tamping iron damaged his frontal lobe, suggesting that this area is involved in personality and decision-making.

Question 6: List three methods psychologists might use to study the localisation of brain functions.

Answer: Brain scans (such as fMRI or PET), case studies, and neuropsychological tests.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram of the brain from a side view, labeling the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.

Answer: A large oval shape divided into four sections with labels for each of the four lobes, placed in their approximate locations on the brain.

Question 8: Sketch a diagram of the brain highlighting the location of the hippocampus. Label your sketch clearly.

Answer: A side view of the brain with the hippocampus drawn in the medial temporal lobe area, labeled accordingly.

Question 9: Discuss how the case of patient Clive Wearing provides evidence for localisation of memory functions in the brain.

Answer: Clive Wearing's severe amnesia, caused by damage to the hippocampus, suggests that this area is crucial for forming new memories, supporting localisation of memory functions.

Question 10: What is the main limitation of the localisation of function theory? Provide a brief explanation.

Answer: It oversimplifies brain functions by suggesting each area works independently; in reality, many functions involve multiple interconnected regions.