Question 1: What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer: A chemical substance that transmits signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Question 2: Name one neurotransmitter that is associated with feelings of happiness and pleasure.

Answer: Dopamine.

Question 3: Describe what happens in the brain when the neurotransmitter serotonin is released.

Answer: Serotonin helps regulate mood, sleep, and appetite. When released, it can improve mood and promote feelings of well-being.

Question 4: Explain how an imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine might affect a person's behavior.

Answer: An imbalance of dopamine can lead to conditions such as schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease, affecting mood, movement, and motivation.

Question 5: Identify which neurotransmitter is most likely involved when someone experiences stress or anxiety.

Answer: Norepinephrine (or noradrenaline).

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of a neuron showing the key parts involved in neurotransmission. Label the parts clearly.

Answer: A neuron with labeled parts: cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals, synapse. The diagram should show the process of neurotransmitter release from the axon terminal into the synapse.

Question 7: Describe the process of neurotransmission starting from the arrival of an electrical impulse at a neuron’s terminal.

Answer: When an electrical impulse reaches the axon terminal, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap. These chemicals then bind to receptor sites on the next neuron, transmitting the signal.

Question 8: Give an example of a situation where an increased release of adrenaline (another neurotransmitter) might occur.

Answer: During a stressful or dangerous situation, such as crossing a busy road unexpectedly.

Question 9: Identify two ways in which medications can affect neurotransmitter activity.

Answer: Medications can increase or decrease the production of neurotransmitters, or block/enable their receptor sites, thus altering mood or behavior (e.g., antidepressants increasing serotonin levels).