Question 1: Define the term 'modelling' as used in Social Learning Theory.

Answer: Modelling is when an individual observes and imitates the behaviour of a role model or another person.

Question 2: Describe a scenario where a child learns aggressive behaviour through social learning. Include details about the role of a model and reinforcement.

Answer: A child watches a peer being rewarded for hitting a toy. The child then imitates the aggressive behaviour, believing it will also lead to a reward or attention.

Question 3: Explain the concept of vicarious reinforcement and how it influences behaviour.

Answer: Vicarious reinforcement occurs when an individual observes someone else being rewarded for a behaviour, which increases the likelihood that they will imitate that behaviour themselves.

Question 4: List two factors that affect whether someone will imitate a model's behaviour.

Answer: Factors include the perceived status or attractiveness of the model, and whether the behaviour is reinforced or punished.

Question 5: Identify and explain one strength and one limitation of Social Learning Theory.

Answer: Strength: It explains how behaviour can be learned through observation without direct experience. Limitation: It may underestimate the influence of biological factors on behaviour.

Question 6: Describe how the concept of 'attention' is important in Social Learning Theory.

Answer: Attention is necessary for learning; individuals must focus on the model's behaviour to imitate it successfully.

Question 7: Explain how reinforcement can be both direct and vicarious in Social Learning Theory.

Answer: Direct reinforcement occurs when a person is rewarded for their own behaviour, while vicarious reinforcement happens when they observe someone else being rewarded, influencing their own behaviour.

Question 8: Imagine you are asked to create a poster illustrating the process of observational learning. Draw a scene showing a child watching an adult perform a behaviour and then imitating it.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a child observing an adult who is demonstrating a behaviour (e.g., sharing toys), with arrows indicating the child's attention and subsequent imitation of the behaviour.

Question 9: How does Social Learning Theory differ from classical conditioning in explaining how behaviour is acquired?

Answer: Social Learning Theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation of others, often involving cognitive processes, whereas classical conditioning involves learning through association of stimuli and responses without the need for observation.

Question 10: Provide an example of a real-life situation where social learning could explain someone's behaviour.

Answer: A teenager starts to wear a certain style of clothing after seeing their favourite celebrity do so, believing it will make them more popular or admired.