Question 1: Define the term 'classical conditioning' in your own words.

Answer: Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, eventually triggering a response on its own.

Question 2: Give an example of classical conditioning that you might observe in everyday life.

Answer: A person starts to feel hungry every time they smell freshly baked bread because they have learned to associate the smell with mealtime.

Question 3: Explain what is meant by 'stimulus' and 'response' in the context of the Behaviourist Approach.

Answer: A 'stimulus' is something in the environment that triggers a reaction, and a 'response' is the behaviour or reaction that occurs as a result of the stimulus.

Question 4: Describe how operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning.

Answer: Operant conditioning involves learning through rewards and punishments to increase or decrease a behaviour, whereas classical conditioning involves associating two stimuli to produce a response.

Question 5: Provide an example of positive reinforcement in everyday life.

Answer: A student gets praise from their teacher for doing well on a test, which makes them more likely to study hard in future.

Question 6: Describe what is meant by 'punishment' in the context of behaviourism.

Answer: Punishment is a consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behaviour happening again.

Question 7: Imagine a dog is taught to sit using treats. Explain which learning process this example demonstrates.

Answer: This demonstrates operant conditioning, where the dog learns to sit because it receives treats as a reward for doing so.

Question 8: Draw a simple diagram showing the process of classical conditioning. Label the parts: Neutral Stimulus, Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Conditioned Stimulus, and Conditioned Response.

Answer: A diagram with five parts: 1) Neutral Stimulus (e.g., bell), 2) Unconditioned Stimulus (e.g., food), 3) Unconditioned Response (e.g., salivation), 4) Conditioned Stimulus (bell after learning), 5) Conditioned Response (salivation to bell). The diagram should show how the Neutral Stimulus becomes the Conditioned Stimulus after pairing with the Unconditioned Stimulus.

Question 9: In your own words, explain why behaviourists believe behaviour can be learned and changed.

Answer: Behaviourists believe behaviour is learned through interactions with the environment, specifically through processes like reinforcement and punishment, so changing the environment can change behaviour.

Question 10: Describe a real-life scenario where operant conditioning could be used to change someone's behaviour.

Answer: A teacher might give extra playtime as a reward for students who complete their homework, encouraging more students to do their homework in the future.