Question 1: Define the Biological Approach in Psychology and explain its main focus.

Answer: The Biological Approach in Psychology examines how biological processes, such as genetics, brain structure, and hormones, influence behaviour and mental processes.

Question 2: Describe how genetics can influence human behaviour according to the Biological Approach.

Answer: Genetics can influence behaviour through inherited genes that affect brain function, neurotransmitter levels, and physical traits, which in turn can impact personality, intelligence, and susceptibility to mental health conditions.

Question 3: Identify and explain two methods used by psychologists to study the biological basis of behaviour.

Answer: Two methods are: (1) EEG (Electroencephalogram), which records electrical activity in the brain to study brain functions; (2) Twin studies, which compare the behaviours of identical and fraternal twins to assess the influence of genetics.

Question 4: Explain the role of neurotransmitters in the biological explanation of behaviour. Provide an example.

Answer: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across synapses between neurons. For example, low levels of serotonin are linked to depression.

Question 5: Describe how a psychologist might investigate the effect of hormones on human aggression.

Answer: A psychologist could measure hormone levels, such as testosterone, in participants and compare these levels with their aggressive behaviours through questionnaires or behavioural observations.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of a neuron, labeling its main parts.

Answer: A correct diagram would include the cell body (soma), dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, and synaptic terminals, with clear labels for each part.

Question 7: Explain why the Biological Approach might be considered reductionist.

Answer: The Biological Approach might be considered reductionist because it explains complex behaviours solely in terms of biological processes, potentially ignoring social, cultural, and environmental factors.

Question 8: Discuss one strength and one limitation of using twin studies to investigate genetics and behaviour.

Answer: Strength: Twin studies can help distinguish between genetic and environmental influences on behaviour. Limitation: They may not account for shared environmental factors that could influence similarities between twins.

Question 9: Identify a mental health condition that the Biological Approach can help explain and briefly describe how.

Answer: Depression can be explained by imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and genetic predisposition, which influence brain function and mood regulation.

Question 10: Draw a simple flowchart illustrating how hormones can affect behaviour, starting from hormone release to behavioural outcome.

Answer: A correct flowchart would show: Hormone release (e.g., adrenaline) → bloodstream → receptors in brain or organs → physiological or behavioural response (e.g., increased alertness or aggression).