Question 1: Name the gland that produces adrenaline, which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Answer: Adrenal gland

Question 2: Describe the role of insulin in the body.

Answer: Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing cells to take in glucose for energy or storage.

Question 3: Explain what happens in the body when the thyroid gland releases too much thyroid hormone.

Answer: An overproduction of thyroid hormone can lead to a condition called hyperthyroidism, which causes symptoms such as increased metabolism, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and nervousness.

Question 4: Identify the hormone responsible for regulating sleep-wake cycles and name the gland that produces it.

Answer: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland.

Question 5: Describe how the endocrine system differs from the nervous system in transmitting signals in the body.

Answer: The endocrine system transmits signals through hormones released into the bloodstream, which act on target organs over a longer period. The nervous system uses electrical impulses along neurons for rapid, short-term responses.

Question 6: Sketch a simple diagram of the endocrine system, including the brain (hypothalamus), pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas. Label each part.

Answer: A correct sketch should show the brain with the hypothalamus and pituitary gland below it, the thyroid in the neck, the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys, and the pancreas in the abdomen, with labels pointing to each.

Question 7: What is the main function of the adrenal glands?

Answer: To produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol that help respond to stress and regulate metabolism.

Question 8: Explain how the endocrine system might influence a person's response to stress.

Answer: In response to stress, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland to release ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and adrenaline, preparing the body for a 'fight or flight' response.

Question 9: Describe a scenario where a hormone imbalance could affect behavior or health.

Answer: If the thyroid produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism), a person might experience rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and anxiety. Conversely, too little hormone (hypothyroidism) can lead to tiredness, weight gain, and depression.