Question 1: Explain what happens in the body during the fight or flight response. Include at least three physiological changes.

Answer: During the fight or flight response, the body experiences physiological changes such as the release of adrenaline, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dilation of pupils to prepare for immediate action.

Question 2: Identify two hormones involved in the fight or flight response and describe their roles.

Answer: Adrenaline is released to increase energy and alertness, while noradrenaline helps sustain alertness and prepare the body for action.

Question 3: Describe a scenario where someone might experience the fight or flight response. Explain what physiological changes might occur.

Answer: If a person suddenly sees a car speeding towards them while crossing the road, they might feel their heart race, breathe faster, and their muscles tense up as part of the fight or flight response to escape danger.

Question 4: Why is the fight or flight response considered an adaptive mechanism? Provide two reasons.

Answer: It helps individuals react quickly to danger, increasing chances of survival, and prepares the body to either confront or escape a threat efficiently.

Question 5: Sketch a simple flowchart showing the sequence of events in the fight or flight response. Label each step clearly.

Answer: A correct sketch would show a sequence starting with 'Perception of threat', leading to 'Activation of hypothalamus', then 'Release of adrenaline', followed by 'Physiological changes (e.g., increased heart rate, rapid breathing)', and finally 'Response (fight or flight)'.

Question 6: What part of the brain is primarily responsible for triggering the fight or flight response? Name it and describe its role.

Answer: The hypothalamus is responsible for triggering the fight or flight response by activating the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is perceived.

Question 7: Describe how the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the fight or flight response.

Answer: The sympathetic nervous system activates during the fight or flight response, causing physiological changes such as increased heart rate, dilation of airways, and release of adrenaline to prepare the body for action.

Question 8: Identify and explain one potential negative effect of frequent activation of the fight or flight response.

Answer: Frequent activation can lead to chronic stress, which may cause health problems such as high blood pressure, weakened immune system, and anxiety.

Question 9: Draw a diagram to represent the relationship between stress, the hypothalamus, and physiological responses in the fight or flight process. Include labels for each part.

Answer: A correct diagram should show the hypothalamus connected to the sympathetic nervous system, which then leads to physiological responses like increased heart rate and rapid breathing. Each component should be clearly labeled.