Question 1: Who is regarded as the founder of the psychodynamic approach, and what is one key idea he proposed about the mind?

Answer: Sigmund Freud; he proposed that the mind has three parts—the conscious, the unconscious, and the preconscious—and that much of our behaviour is influenced by unconscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 2: Describe what is meant by the 'unconscious mind' in the psychodynamic approach.

Answer: The unconscious mind contains thoughts, feelings, and desires that we are not aware of but that influence our behaviour and decisions.

Question 3: Explain the role of the 'id', 'ego', and 'superego' in Freud’s theory of personality.

Answer: The 'id' is the part of the mind that seeks immediate pleasure; the 'ego' mediates between the id and reality, making decisions; the 'superego' represents internalized moral standards and ideals.

Question 4: Identify and briefly describe one defence mechanism used by the mind to protect itself from anxiety.

Answer: Repression; it involves pushing uncomfortable thoughts or feelings into the unconscious to avoid dealing with them.

Question 5: Imagine a person feels very anxious about speaking in public but doesn’t understand why. According to the psychodynamic approach, what might be happening beneath the surface?

Answer: The person might have unconscious fears or memories related to embarrassment or failure that are influencing their anxiety without their awareness.

Question 6: Draw a simple diagram that shows the three parts of Freud’s personality model: the id, ego, and superego. Label each part clearly.

Answer: A diagram with three overlapping circles or sections labeled 'id', 'ego', and 'superego', illustrating their interactions and positions within the mind.

Question 7: Describe what is meant by 'dream analysis' and its importance in the psychodynamic approach.

Answer: Dream analysis involves interpreting dreams to uncover unconscious thoughts and desires, helping to understand hidden conflicts.

Question 8: Give an example of a behaviour that might be explained by the psychodynamic approach and explain why.

Answer: A person who frequently acts out aggressively might be unconsciously expressing repressed anger that they are unaware of, according to the psychodynamic approach.

Question 9: What is the main goal of psychoanalysis as a therapy based on the psychodynamic approach?

Answer: The main goal is to uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to resolve inner conflicts and reduce psychological distress.

Question 10: Sketch a basic model illustrating the structure of Freud’s mind. Indicate where the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious parts are located.

Answer: A simple diagram with three sections: the smallest labeled 'conscious' at the top, the largest labeled 'unconscious' at the bottom, and a middle section labeled 'preconscious' connecting the two.