Question 1: Define the term 'Working Memory' as described in the Working Memory Model.

Answer: Working Memory is the part of the memory system responsible for temporarily holding and processing information needed for tasks such as reasoning, learning, and comprehension.

Question 2: Name the four main components of the Working Memory Model.

Answer: The four main components are the Phonological Loop, the Visuospatial Sketchpad, the Central Executive, and the Episodic Buffer.

Question 3: Describe the function of the Phonological Loop in the working memory system.

Answer: The Phonological Loop is responsible for storing and manipulating sound-based information, such as words and numbers, through rehearsal.

Question 4: Explain how the Visuospatial Sketchpad contributes to our cognitive tasks.

Answer: The Visuospatial Sketchpad allows us to hold and manipulate visual and spatial information, such as mental images or navigating through a space.

Question 5: What role does the Central Executive play within the Working Memory Model?

Answer: The Central Executive directs attention, coordinates the activities of the other components, and manages cognitive tasks requiring focus and decision-making.

Question 6: Describe a real-life scenario where the Episodic Buffer might be used.

Answer: When recalling a recent holiday, the Episodic Buffer integrates information from different sources, such as visual images, sounds, and emotions, into a coherent memory.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram of the Working Memory Model showing its main components and their connections.

Answer: A correct diagram should depict the Central Executive at the center with arrows pointing to the Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, and Episodic Buffer. The Phonological Loop and Visuospatial Sketchpad should also have arrows indicating they process sound and visual/spatial information respectively.

Question 8: Identify one strength of the Working Memory Model and explain why it is considered a strength.

Answer: One strength is that it accounts for different types of short-term storage (sound and visual/spatial), which aligns with experimental evidence showing separate processing systems.

Question 9: Identify one limitation of the Working Memory Model and explain why it is considered a limitation.

Answer: A limitation is that it is complex and difficult to test directly, making it challenging to measure the individual components separately in experiments.

Question 10: Suggest one way in which understanding the Working Memory Model can be useful in educational settings.

Answer: Understanding that students have limited working memory capacity can help teachers design instructions that are clear and not overload students, improving learning outcomes.