Question 1: What is the primary function of the endocrine system in the human body?

Answer: The primary function of the endocrine system is to produce hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, mood, metabolism, and reproduction.

Question 2: Name two major glands that are part of the endocrine system and briefly describe the hormone each gland produces.

Answer: The pituitary gland produces hormones that control other glands and regulate growth. The adrenal glands produce adrenaline and cortisol which help respond to stress.

Question 3: Describe what happens in the body when the adrenal glands release adrenaline during a stressful situation.

Answer: When the adrenal glands release adrenaline, it causes an increase in heart rate, faster breathing, and a boost of energy, preparing the body for 'fight or flight'.

Question 4: Explain the role of hormones in regulating mood and emotions.

Answer: Hormones like serotonin and dopamine influence mood and emotions by affecting brain activity, helping to regulate feelings such as happiness, sadness, and stress.

Question 5: Identify the gland responsible for regulating blood sugar levels and name the hormones involved.

Answer: The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels by producing insulin (which lowers blood sugar) and glucagon (which raises blood sugar).

Question 6: Describe a scenario where the thyroid gland might affect a person's energy levels.

Answer: If the thyroid produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism), a person may feel excessively energetic and anxious. If it produces too little (hypothyroidism), they may feel tired and sluggish.

Question 7: Draw a simple diagram illustrating the pathway of hormone release from a gland to a target organ. Label the gland, hormone, and target organ.

Answer: A correct diagram would show a gland (e.g., pituitary), an arrow indicating hormone release, the hormone traveling through the blood, and reaching the target organ (e.g., liver or muscles).

Question 8: Explain why the endocrine system is important for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Answer: The endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones that regulate temperature, blood sugar, water balance, and other vital processes to keep the body's internal environment stable.

Question 9: Identify one difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Answer: The nervous system sends rapid electrical signals to specific areas, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream that act more slowly and affect broader areas.

Question 10: Suggest one way that stress can influence the endocrine system.

Answer: Stress can cause the adrenal glands to release more adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare the body to respond to the stressor but can also lead to health problems if prolonged.