Question 1: Describe the main differences between woven and knitted fabrics in terms of their construction process.

Answer: Woven fabrics are made by interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles on a loom, creating a stable and less stretchable fabric. Knitted fabrics are produced by interlooping yarns using needles, resulting in a more elastic and stretchy fabric.

Question 2: Explain how a felt fabric is constructed and what raw materials are typically used.

Answer: Felt is made by matting, condensing, and pressing fibers together, usually wool fibers. The process involves agitation and heat, causing the fibers to interlock without weaving or knitting, resulting in a dense, non-woven fabric.

Question 3: Identify three different types of woven fabrics and describe one characteristic of each.

Answer: 1. Plain weave – simple crisscross pattern, durable and firm. 2. Twill weave – diagonal rib pattern, strong and drapes well. 3. Satin weave – smooth surface with long floats, shiny and luxurious.

Question 4: Draw a simple diagram to illustrate a basic knitted fabric showing the interlooping of yarns. Label the loops.

Answer: A correct sketch would show rows of interlinked loops, with each loop passing through the previous row's loops, forming a series of interconnected 'V' shapes. Labels should identify 'loops' and 'rows'.

Question 5: Describe the process of creating a non-woven fabric such as felt or bonded fabric.

Answer: Non-woven fabrics are made by bonding fibers together using heat, adhesives, or mechanical entanglement without weaving or knitting. For felt, fibers are matted using heat, moisture, and agitation to interlock fibers into a cohesive fabric.

Question 6: Identify two advantages of using knitted fabrics over woven fabrics.

Answer: Knitted fabrics are more elastic and stretchy, providing better comfort and fit. They are also quicker to produce and can be made on circular knitting machines, making manufacturing more efficient.

Question 7: Sketch a cross-section of a jacquard woven fabric, showing the complex pattern. Include labels for the warp, weft, and the pattern yarns.

Answer: A detailed cross-section should show the warp yarns running vertically, the weft yarns running horizontally, and special pattern yarns interwoven to create a complex design. Labels should clearly identify each component.

Question 8: Explain how the construction of a pile fabric (such as velvet or terry cloth) differs from a plain woven fabric.

Answer: Pile fabrics are constructed with additional yarns that create a raised surface of loops or cut ends, forming a pile. In velvet, the pile is cut, while in terry cloth, the pile consists of uncut loops. Plain woven fabrics do not have this extra pile surface.

Question 9: Identify and describe the purpose of selvage in woven fabrics.

Answer: The selvage is the finished edge of a woven fabric, preventing fraying and unraveling. It is tightly woven or finished to maintain the fabric's integrity during use and production.