Question 1: Describe the main characteristics of natural fabrics such as cotton, linen, and wool. Include their typical uses and advantages.

Answer: Natural fabrics like cotton are soft, breathable, and absorbent, commonly used in clothing and home textiles. Linen is lightweight, strong, and smooth, often used in summer clothing and tablecloths. Wool is warm, elastic, and insulating, ideal for winter wear and blankets. Advantages include biodegradability and comfort.

Question 2: Explain the differences between woven and knitted fabrics in terms of structure and typical applications.

Answer: Woven fabrics are made by interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles, resulting in a stable, non-stretch fabric used for shirts, trousers, and upholstery. Knitted fabrics are created by interlooping yarns, making them stretchier and more flexible, suitable for T-shirts, activewear, and sweaters.

Question 3: List three synthetic fabrics and discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of each.

Answer: Polyester: Advantage - durable and resistant to shrinking; Disadvantage - less breathable. Nylon: Advantage - strong and elastic; Disadvantage - can be prone to static. Acrylic: Advantage - warm and lightweight; Disadvantage - can pill and wears out quickly.

Question 4: Identify the fabric type described: 'A fabric that is lightweight, transparent, and often used for evening wear or special occasions.'

Answer: Chiffon

Question 5: Sketch a design for a fabric suitable for making summer curtains. Label the main features of your fabric choice.

Answer: A correct sketch should show a lightweight, semi-transparent fabric with a flowing drape, possibly with a subtle pattern or plain weave. Labels should include 'cotton voile' or 'linen', and notes about breathability and light-filtering qualities.

Question 6: Compare the properties of polyester and viscose fabrics, focusing on their feel, durability, and care requirements.

Answer: Polyester feels smooth, is very durable, and requires low maintenance, often machine washable and quick-drying. Viscose feels soft and silky, similar to natural fibers, but is less durable and can shrink or wrinkle easily; it requires delicate washing.

Question 7: Explain why wool is considered a good insulator and describe a common use for wool fabrics.

Answer: Wool has natural crimp and air pockets that trap heat, making it an excellent insulator. It is commonly used in warm clothing such as sweaters, coats, and blankets.

Question 8: List three fabric finishes that improve the performance or appearance of textiles. Briefly describe their purpose.

Answer: Teflon coating - makes fabrics water and stain-resistant; Calendaring - smooths and creates a shiny surface; Flame retardant finish - reduces flammability for safety in clothing and furnishings.

Question 9: Describe the process and purpose of mercerisation in cotton fabrics.

Answer: Mercerisation involves treating cotton with sodium hydroxide, which causes the fibers to swell, making them stronger, shinier, and more dye-absorbent. It is used to improve the fabric’s appearance and dyeing properties.